Sitting Bull did not feel bound by the 1868 treaty, which he didn't sign. Those early voices for Pan-Africanism emphasized the commonalities . In the mid-1960s, 70 African Americans were serving as elected officials in the South, while by the turn of the century there were some 5,000. Walker, who was the first U.S. woman to become a self-made millionaire; George Washington Carver, who derived nearly 300 products from the peanut; Rosa read more, Womens history is full of trailblazers in the fight for equality in the United States. Though leaders such as George Washington and Thomas Jeffersonboth slaveholders from Virginiatook cautious steps towards limiting slavery in the newly independent nation, the Constitution tacitly acknowledged the institution, guaranteeing the right to repossess any person held to service or labor (an obvious euphemism for slavery). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. They continued to work long hours for low pay. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . In 2013, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi formed the Black Lives Matter Network with the mission to eradicate white supremacy and build local power to intervene in violence inflicted on Black communities by the state and vigilantes.. Perhaps your grandmother, for example, always says goodbye with "God bless you." B.Gettysburg After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work, Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map, The southern pacific railroad contributed to the growth of cities like San Francisco and los Angeles, Which of the following directly contributed to the trend shown on the chart, Rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s, How did the business of farming change from the 1860s through the 1890s, Freight rates fell but so did wheat prices, The plains Indians reaction to the sand creek massacre ultimately resulted in, A new treaty agreement that relocated the plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma, Why did southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as reconstruction came to an end, Which detail in the photo was influenced by vaqueros, How did George Weatinghouse contribute to railroad transportation, His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster, How was the tragedy by Wounded Knee related to the Ghost Dance, Groups of Lakota left reservations after the banning of the Ghost Dance, and soldiers killed many of them at Wounded Knee, The main reason for the attack on the tribes under Sitting Bull was to, Show that Custer could defeat a larger group of Lakota and Cheyenne, Which of the following phrases might a Republican congressman have used to describe President Johnson's Reconstruction plan, According to this passage, how did the Dred Scott decision help inspire the 14th Amendment, The Dred Scott decision said that African Americans were not citizens, so the amendment defined citizenship to include them, Based on this selection, which policy would the Populists' Party be most likely to support, Regulating railroads rates to help farmers, What event in the history of the west in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech, The defeat of Native American people's by United States troops, What pattern can you find in share cropping as shown on this map, In Georgia and South Carolina share cropping was more common in inland areas than coastal areas, Based on the information shown, why might some Southern Democrats have disputed the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as President of the United States, What happened in 1876 that caused the dramatic change shown on this graph, The end of reconstruction hurt republicans in South Carolina, How did coal production in the south change after the civil war, Which of the following tasks did the Freedmen's Bureau consider essential to its mission, Some Native Americans on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because, Which best describes what might have happened to the mining town pictured to cause it to be so desolate, It became a ghost town after the mines stopped producing, Under the black codes put into place in southern states after after the civil war which of the following rights was protected for African Americans, Which of the following most likely describes the perspective of the person who made this illustration, Why did Southern states adopt literacy tests, poll taxes and grandfather clause, What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following in the civil war, Cities in the east and west increased in population, Why did miners in the west create groups of vigilantes, How was Lincoln's ten percent plan different from the proposed Wade-David Bill, The Wade-Davis Bill banned confederate volunteers from voting; Lincoln's plan did not, Why did republicans in congress attempt to impeach president Andrew Jackson, They disagreed over plans for reconstruction. In this excerpt, Terence Powderly is trying to separate the Knights of Labor from the actions of anarchists in, In the text, you read this about the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union: As a young man, Jesse Jackson left his studies at the Chicago Theological Seminary to join Martin Luther King Jr.s Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in its crusade for Black civil rights in the South; when King was assassinated in Memphis in April 1968, Jackson was at his side. BBC.George Floyd Protests: A Timeline. According to War Department policy, enlisted Black and white people were organized into separate units. Bound for New Orleans, the freedom riders were attacked by angry segregationists outside of Anniston, Alabama, and one bus was even firebombed. Samuel Gompers, 1912 The wars first African American hero emerged from the attack on Pearl Harbor, when Dorie Miller, a young Navy steward on the U.S.S. What workers' issue most prompted protest in this era? The ILGWU became a key member of the AFL. READ MORE:Follow the Freedom Riders' Journey Against Segregation. B. Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. With the onset of the Great Depression, as organizations like the NAACP and the National Urban League switched their focus to the economic and political problems facing Black Americans, the Harlem Renaissance drew to a close. I thought 5 was A but if not A, then D? Found guilty, King immediately appealed the decision. International outrage over the crime and the verdict helped fuel the civil rights movement: just three months after Emmett Tills body was found, and a month after a Mississippi grand jury refused to indict Milam and Bryant on kidnapping charges, a citywide bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama would begin the movement in earnest. Just as Browns courage turned thousands of previously indifferent northerners against slavery, his violent actions convinced slave owners in the South beyond doubt that abolitionists would go to any lengths to destroy the "peculiar institution. Rumors spread of other planned insurrections, and the South reverted to a semi-war status. Calling himself elHajj Malik elShabazz, he renounced NOIs philosophy of separatism and advocated a more inclusive approach to the struggle for Black rights. New methods were found to prevent African Americans from voting. With the aid of the NAACP, Meredith filed a lawsuit alleging that the university had discriminated against him because of his race. The ILGWU was notable because it was. Congress outlawed the import of new enslaved people in 1808, but the enslaved population in the U.S. nearly tripled over the next 50 years, and by 1860 it had reached nearly 4 million, with more than half living in the cottonproducing states of the South. Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? Born on a small plantation in Southampton County, Virginia, Turner inherited a passionate hatred of slavery from his Africanborn mother and came to see himself as anointed by God to lead his people out of bondage. Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. After an appeal by the local congressman and mayor of Little Rock to stop the violence, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the states National Guard and sent 1,000 members of the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration of Central High School. the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops. It was left to Lyndon Johnson (not previously known for his support of civil rights) to push the Civil Rights Actthe most far-reaching act of legislation supporting racial equality in American historythrough Congress in June 1964. The act encouraged American Indians to become farmers. Originally intended to extend federal protection to civil rights workers, it was later expanded to address racial discrimination in the sale, rental or financing of housing units. States could require separate facilities for African Americans as long as the facilities were equal. On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. (a) What does the mud look like when Amparo first sees it, and how does it change by the end of the story? Pay special attention to Judiths characterization of the elderly Sikh couple as lovely people motivated by stubbornness and ignorance (para. The railroad companies themselves employed thousands of workers. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? [It] is evident [obvious] that the state, and if necessary the nation, has got to possess the right of supervision and control as regards the great corporations which are its creatures; particularly as regards the great business combinations [corporations] which derive [develop] a portion of their importance from the existence of some monopolistic tendency [desire for no competition]. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? In Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Court extended the earlier ruling to include bus terminals, restrooms and other related facilities, and CORE took action to test the enforcement of that ruling. According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with enslaved people in the territories. Though the verdict was hailed as a major civil rights victoryit was the first time anyone in Mississippi had been convicted for a crime against a civil rights workerthe judge in the case gave out relatively light sentences, and none of the convicted men served more than six years behind bars. . Not done fighting, Faubus closed all of Little Rocks high schools in the fall of 1958 rather than permit integration. Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. . 2. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. The nine Black students entered the school under heavily armed guard, marking the first time since Reconstruction that federal troops had provided protection for Black Americans against racial violence. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map 4 The southern pacific railroad contributed to the growth of cities like San Francisco and los Angeles The white protective societies that arose during this periodthe largest of which was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)sought to disenfranchise Black voters by using voter suppression and intimidation as well as more extreme violence. The one was to consider myself as a manufacturer of dry plates and to perfect them as an end in itself. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? . Draw a line under the subject. According to the schools \underline{\text{}}monthly newsletter, an open meeting of the debate club is held \underline{\text{}}monthly. The University of California at Davis, for example, designated 16 percent of its medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants. Which was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century? In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth? rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. On the night of October 16, 1859, he led a small band of less than 50 men in a raid against the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Meredith went on to graduate from Ole Miss in 1963, but the struggle to integrate higher education continued. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. In a televised ceremony on July 2, 1964, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law using 75 pens; he presented one of them to King, who counted it among his most prized possessions. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. Pan-Africanist ideas first began to circulate in the mid-19th century in the United States, led by Africans from the Western Hemisphere. Men are men., READ MORE: 'Unbought and Unbossed': Why Shirley Chisholm Ran for President. On February 21, 1965, during a speaking engagement in Harlem, three members of the NOI rushed the stage and shot Malcolm some 15 times at close range. Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration? Oliver Brown, the lead plaintiff in the case, was one of almost 200 people from five different states who had joined related NAACP cases brought before the Supreme Court since 1938. As Americas exploding urban population faced shortages of employment and housing, violent hostility towards Black people had increased around the country; lynching, though illegal, was a widespread practice. How did the use of horses change the way American Indians hunted? From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. Authorities later estimated the total damage at around $1 billion. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. Studies indicate the median white family in the United States holds more than ten times the wealth of the median African American family. . C. In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. Agreeing to the treaty meant accepting a more stationary life, and relying on government-supplied subsidies. Our greatest trouble has always been caused by extremists who, without shadow of authority, attempted to voice the sentiments of this Order; and from this day forward I am determined that no sniveling anarchist will speak for me, and if he attempts it under shadow of this organization, then he or I must leave the Order, for I will not attempt to guide the affairs of a society that is so lacking in manhood as to allow the very worst element of the community to make use of the prestige it has gained to promote the vilest of schemes against society. The accused killer, a white man named James Earl Ray, was captured and tried immediately; he entered a guilty plea and was sentenced to 99 years in prison; no testimony was heard. In 1926, a controversial bestseller about Harlem life by the white novelist Carl von Vechten exemplified the attitude of many white urban sophisticates, who looked to Black culture as a window into a more primitive and vital way of life. How did western farmers try to improve their conditions when they fell on hard times in the late 1800s? On February 23, 25-year-old Ahmaud Arbery was killed while out on a run after being followed by three white men in a pickup truck. He delivered a rousing keynote speech at that years Democratic National Convention, attracting national attention with his eloquent call for national unity and cooperation across party lines. Kennedy sent federal marshals to escort the riders to Jackson, Mississippi, but images of the bloodshed made the worldwide news, and the freedom rides continued. Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. Miners sweated in dusty mine shafts digging coal to fuel railroad engines. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. After Robinsons historic breakthrough, baseball was steadily integrated, with professional basketball and tennis following suit in 1950. The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. Though he largely stayed out of the political spotlight after stepping down, Powell remained an admired figure in Washington and beyond. Thanks to the campaign of nonviolent resistance championed by Martin Luther King Jr. beginning in the late 1950s, the civil rights movement had begun to gain serious momentum in the United States by 1960. Suddenly, there was no lack of educated, upwardly mobile, family-oriented Black characters for TV viewers to look to, both in fiction and in life. After Malcolms death, his bestselling book The Autobiography of Malcolm X popularized his ideas, particularly among Black youth, and laid the foundation for the Black Power movement of the late 1960s and 1970s. After serving a two-year jail sentence, Garvey was pardoned by President Calvin Coolidge and immediately deported; he died in London in 1940. D. Less than a week after the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers were beaten and bloodied by Alabama state troopers in March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal legislation to ensure protection of the voting rights of African Americans. Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. lack of public and legal support for union activities, CHAPTER 14 SECTION 3- LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Gerald A. Danzer, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, Nancy Woloch, Discovering Our Past: A History of the United States, Early Years (Florida), Alan Brinkley, Albert S. Broussard, Donald A. Ritchie, James M. McPherson, Joyce Appleby. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. The soil used to grow tobacco, then the leading cash crop, was exhausted, while products such as rice and indigo failed to generate much profit. to the end [result] that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. That year, John F. Kennedy made passage of new civil rights legislation part of his presidential campaign platform; he won more than 70 percent of the African American vote. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca that same year and underwent a second conversion, this time to Sunni Islam. Perhaps the most striking phenomenon, however, was the rise of Oprah Winfrey. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. His groundbreaking achievement transcended sports, and as soon as he signed the contract with Rickey, Robinson became one of the most visible African Americans in the country, and a figure that Black people could look to as a source of pride, inspiration and hope. The railroads provided jobs for settlers. Most were middle or upper class. Many were recent immigrants. Du Bois edited the NAACPs official magazine, The Crisis, from 1910 to 1934, publishing many of the leading voices in African American literature and politics and helping fuel the spread of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. All four officers involved in the incident were fired. The 13th Amendment, adopted late in 1865, officially abolished slavery, but the question of freed Black peoples status in the postwar South remained. Their commander, Captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr., later became one of the first African American generals (his fatherGeneral Benjamin O. Davis Sr.was the first). In April 2021, Chauvinwas convicted of second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter. (waits, wait). On the day of the Senate vote, however, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis. Jackie Robinson, a sharecroppers son from Georgia, joined the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League in 1945 after a stint in the U.S. Army (he earned an honorable discharge after facing a court-martial for refusing to move to the back of a segregated bus). In January 2021, Kamala Harris became the first woman and first woman of color to become vice president of the United States. Du Bois of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), criticized Garvey and his Back to Africa movement; he was openly contemptuous of them in return. B.14th Amendment They were established as a step toward legal freedoms for African Americans C. They increased an owner's control over their enslaved. Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? Heavily covered by the news media, the Greensboro sit-ins sparked a movement that spread quickly to college towns throughout the South and into the North, as young Black and white people engaged in various forms of peaceful protest against segregation in libraries, on beaches, in hotels and other establishments. c. White males who, A. After months of quarantine and isolation during a global pandemic, protests mounted, spreading across the country in the following days and weeks. There was no denying the movements appeal, however. The Little Rock Nine forming a study group after being prevented from entering Little Rock's Central High School. A? He decided against running, but soon became a prominent fixture in the Republican Party. No one knows where they areperhaps freezing to death. About four-in-ten (39%) who gave follow-up answers on why this was the case cite domestic concerns, topped by immigration and border issues, health care, racism and race-related issues, or guns and gun violence issues. At 2 a.m. on July 11, 1958, Mildred Jeter was lying next to her husband Richard Loving, when police began knocking on their door, demanding to know about the nature of their relationship. By the summer of 1862, however, Lincoln had come to believe he could not avoid the slavery question much longer. D. The laws required that. The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. After his retirement from the military in 1993, many people began floating his name as a possible presidential candidate. On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States; he is the first African American to hold that office. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Meanwhile, the boycott stretched on for more than a year, and the bus company struggled to avoid bankruptcy. Instead of waiting for Terry, the lieutenant colonel chose to wage an immediate attack. Why did miners in the West create groups of vigilantes? Around the same time, the mechanization of spinning and weaving had revolutionized the textile industry in England, and the demand for American cotton soon became insatiable. In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War, the rural Souththe region where slavery had taken the strongest hold in North Americafaced an economic crisis. It allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor who could vote in 1867. by economic cooperation and joint political action, The failure of reforms designed by the United States to help Native Americans was primarily a result of. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. . The laws gave African Americans land for farms. B.his second inaugural Address Along with the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, the Voting Rights Act was one of the most expansive pieces of civil rights legislation in American history, and it greatly reduced the disparity between Black and white voters in the U.S. Though many protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate impact, forcing Woolworthsamong other establishmentsto change their segregationist policies. Which of the following contributed MOST to the growth of the Cattle Kingdom? Oftexaggerated reports of the insurrectionsome said that hundreds of white people had been killedsparked a wave of anxiety across the South. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. D. READ MORE: How Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition Championed Diversity. In February, an Alabama state trooper shot a young African American demonstrator in nearby Marion, and the SCLC announced a massive protest march from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery. The march was intended to bring about a kind of spiritual renewal among Black men and to instill in them a sense of solidarity and of personal responsibility to improve their own condition. What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? Only the election of the antislavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 remained before the southern states would begin severing ties with the Union, sparking the bloodiest conflict in American history. Later, SNCC would mount an organized resistance to the Vietnam War. 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