. It describes how to cite a federal statute as a session law (using rule 12.4) and not how it was codified in the U.S. Code. voluntary standards will not, in itself, result in any enforcement action., not mere noncompliance with guidance documents issued by federal agencies, because guidance documents cannot by themselves create binding requirements that do not already exist by statute or regulation, where a party's compliance, or failure to comply, with the agency guidance is itself relevant to the claims at issue., it is the contractnot the agency guidance itselfthat makes the agency guidance pertinent, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Regulatory / Privacy / Corporate Articles, Medicare, Medicaid & Private Payor Updates. 102 (2009) As the memorandum further noted: "Effective immediately, Department components may not issue guidance documents that purport to create rights or obligations binding on persons or entities outside the Executive Branch (including state, local, and tribal governments).". J. Envtl. Long Beach, CA 90840 Digest Dig (business), cnty. X Y Z, Administrative Law Journal of American University, Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology, American Journal of International Arbitration, American University International Law Review, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Annual Survey of International and Comparative Law, Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, Boston University International Law Journal, Boston University Journal of Science & Technology Law, Boston University Public Interest Law Journal, Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law, California Western International Law Journal, Cardozo Online Journal of Conflict Resolution, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, Columbia Science and Technology Law Review, Conveyancer and Property Lawyer (new series), Copyright Law Symposium (American Society of Composers, Authors, & Culture & Resist. Hearing the voiceless: a respected judge on putting the rights of crime victims above those of defendants, Correct article title capitalization: This, Federal Rules of Appellate Footnote #13: Zinchenko, 101 F.4th at 410; see also Neuer, supra note 6, at 15-16. 21st edition of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z, Western Society of Criminology dissenting opinion, then the more senior justice's / judge's opinion goes first. Here's an example of this from the German version of the Political Parties Act: If you are referring to a primary source that was translated into English, you should citethe translated version. Page, Example: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Pub. Abbreviating the court names is helpful for understanding and keeping legal writing concise. This guide has a short video that demonstrates how this works for a website (click Bluebook Training Videos in the table of contents tothe left of this text to navigate to it). 119). Criminal Procedure, Federal Rules of Oct. 7, 2015) (Consideration of Bill S. 2162, Librarian of Congress Succession Modernization Act of 2015). To buy a print copy or a subscription to the electronic version, visithttps://www.legalbluebook.com/. In American legal writing, as opposed to that in many other countries, place the footnote number AFTERpunctuation marks, including periods, commas, quotations marks, etc. Abbreviations. Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). This same book is also cited in footnotes #5, #7, and #11. To cite a complaint, you need to understand what it is. 1, 7 (2022). As the Brand Memo states: . Yes! When you are citing to a work that has been published by the same publisher more than once, you should cite the edition and the year it was published . If adding additional information to your citationswill help your reader, then do it even if it's not in the Bluebook. Abbreviations Abbreviations Return to Table of Contents But see. - Technical/Technological/Technology. Below are 3 citations for the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court opinion these three sources. 1 Introduction to Law Student Name Department and Institution Course Name and Course Code Professor Date Question 2 Part 1 Question 2.1 I utilized dog, pit bull, unleashed, and bite keywords. University Law School, Who Pays For When a report number is listed, include this in parentheses following the title. ` T1X3:$Y@Y\H5J>pV"W;HdE" C&hPbxW: R7uH DqQ] @D4`"v @(M`MK6D2f43h$?53x`Vz " 2 iF !#0.b0 V Schedule an online consult with a Librarian, Rule 12 (p. 120): Statutes, Codes, and Session Laws, Rule 13 (p. 135): Legislative Materials (including Congressional documents), Rule 14 (p. 142): Administrative and Executive Materials, Rule 15 (p. 147): Books, Reports, and other Nonperiodic Materials, Rule 16 (p. 157): Periodical Materials (including journal articles and newspapers), Rule 17 (p. 169): Unpublished and Forthcoming Sources. by jurisdiction, Legal The Bluebook is the standard reference source for American legal citation. Case names often include the name of the court that made the judgment. The Zotero Citation Management System has an option for generating Bluebook-style citations. When in doubt, spell it out. at 200. Legal Citation. Enforcement of Nondiscrimination On The Basis Of Handicap in Programs or Activities Conducted By International Development Cooperation Agency, Agency for International Development (2015). Citing Directly to the Internet 4, Codified as Amended at 42 U.S.C. Rule 18 has rules for citing internet sources, websites, documents found online, blogs, social media posts, etc. If you want them to be correct, you have to fix them. School of Justice Studies. Note: In the example above, Pub. Court Abbreviations Last Updated: Jun 2, 2022 11:18 AM For non- North Carolina cases especially, it's a good idea to verify that an author has used the correct abbreviation.) Environmental Protection Agency. Chatwith a librarian (HLS only), Contact Historical & Special Collections at specialc@law.harvard.edu, Meet with UsSchedule an online consult with a Librarian, ClassesViewTraining CalendarorRequest an Insta-Class, Harvard University Digital Accessibility Policy, TIP: There are two ways to change text to small caps. Development [s] Dev. Not surprisingly, the role of agency guidance when assessing a health care providers obligations under the law have been debated ever since the Sessions and Brand memoranda were first issued. *Note: For well-known agency abbreviations (EPA, NIH) you can use the agency abbreviation in your in-text citation. (Year of Publication, Month Day). and opinions from the Office of Legal Counsel to Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel of the Department of Justice ( Op. Section No. Federal regulations are therefore divided into: those published in both the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations; and those published in the Federal Register but awaiting publication in the C.F.R. United States. when a government contract or provider agreement requires compliance with some agency guidance document, it is the contractnot the agency guidance itselfthat makes the agency guidance pertinent and, in these cases, violations of that guidance undertaken with the requisite mental state may expose individuals to liability.. Note: The Daily Edition includes the letters H, S, and E, before page numbers. Ed. In other respects as well the Court exhibits a gentler approach to abbreviation. Example: Unconstitutionality of Obamas Executive Actions on Immigration: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, 114th Cong. Browse the latest edition and scroll to Appendix A. NEV. ?-&TcEAKrk\.n^o$FGMg,.z=lKRb'Yfj}FP7oJN-sw3,&j]XOC)+/{f~3S In this case, there is a section on documentation that lists the "last date updated.". Belowis a list of State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals abbreviations. DHAC - Division of Health Assessment and Consultation. Publishers), Currents: The International Trade Law Journal, DePaul-LCA Journal of Art and Entertainment Law and Policy, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, Dickinson Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, The Digest: The National Italian-American Bar Assn. * Determining the type of document is not always straightforward. Criminology & Crime Prevention. Footnote #12: But see id. C&W. Communication & Works. Material; Arbitrations; Court Rules; Books Rec. Privacy Policy. The important principle, always, is to include the information in a manner that will allow your reader to easily locate the document and understand where it fits in the hierarchy of agency publications. Determining the type of document is not always straightforward. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. )JU^tb OcC'A=]SuO]X j0h"M5D Y(:Uo`]Hp9=k .7VX 5 M,P4g#*}kkk{cm yO8 endstream endobj 436 0 obj <>stream The PowerNotes Content Management System also has an option for generating Bluebook-style citations. Bluebook Rule 10 covers how cases should be cited in legal documents. Examples include bus. of Interior and Commerce When to Use This Abbreviation 73355 (to be codified at C.F.R. This rule is slightly different for cases, however. Report on the Environment. (December, 2020). There is no stated rule for providing translations of book titles. (December, 2020). In other words, there is no getting around learning the Bluebook if you are writing an American legal academic paperthat requires citations to be in Bluebook format. court case type abbreviations iowa 27 Feb. court case type abbreviations iowa. Footnote #10: Id. ), depending on the source of the opinion: US Reports, West Supreme Court Reporter, and Lexis Nexis Lawyers Edition, respectively. Example: The Bluebook is an example of absolute efficiency in the formulation and expression of the rules of legal citation. 2021). Format: (Title (or number), Date of Publication), Example: (Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program, 2013) /OR, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program (2013). Footnote #9: Zinchenko v. Davies, 101 F.4th 408, 409 (2nd Cir. If you are writing a brief or memo, look at the Blue Pages, Rule B10 (Or apply the citation rules of the jurisdiction). DePaul Journal for Social Justice: DePaul J. Soc. HLOo0|j%(5P5k~$}>a0bGxG@@Fc`a @ Jc31DyrK)Qx~5YSjZd0|1!"3B CQT%e'r(pL=8/6[+/mPU]zjaqO x*xf7T} $*8KmV-L^[vc|+WRi[)o6}gcNrNt9K_g ` 9 Policing: Intl J. This is shown in the example accompanying rule 1.1. The cited part (identifier). The first tip videoexplains the answers to both FAQ #3 (using id and supra) and FAQ #4 (using Word's internal cross reference feature), all in one 3:30 video! Procedure, Federal Rules of Civil Justice Manual 1-20.204 further notes that DOJ may cite an agency guidance document where a party's compliance, or failure to comply, with the agency guidance is itself relevant to the claims at issue. For example, if a health care provider falsely certifies compliance with a guidance document AND the certification is material to a decision by CMS (including its contractors) to pay a claim, the false certification may be offered by DOJ prosecutors to establish the elements of falsity, materiality and knowledge. Page (Year). Energy Efficiency and Conservation Loan Program, 78 Fed. I decided that this could follow the template for an unnumbered report (above) or an issue brief, even though this was not explicitly stated on the website, because the content is regularly updated around a specific issue. We have some short videos of Bluebook tips that are based on the FAQ in this guide. Bankruptcy Procedure, Law The next tip video discusses FAQ #2 - using rule 18 to cite online sources. U.S. Government U.S. Congress U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Creating a Correct Bluebook Citation: Six-Step Process, Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Bluebook. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is used in place of the APA Manual for materials not citations not covered in the APA Manual. case names (Table 6) court names (Table 7) explanatory phrases (Table 8) court documents (Table 8 of 17th edition) legislative documents (Table 9) geographical terms (Table 10) judges and officials (Table 11) months (Table 12) The Publication Manual of the APA does not include citing Congressional Record. As the section further provides: . Cite Attorney General opinions to Opinions of the Attorneys General ( Op. For secondary sources like law review articles and books, if you want to cite a source that you cited longer ago in your paper than the previous footnote, you can use supra. Intl J. Select the text. L. No. The parent agencies will be listed as the publisher. Entries with a (18) are found in the 18th edition, but not the 19th. User's Guide to the Bluebook by Alan L. Dworsky; Brian Christiansen Call Number: KF245 .D853 2010 ISBN: 9780837738383 Publication Date: 2010 Revised for 19th edition. Senate. Footnote #7: Mbapp, supra note 3, at 88. Section No. Explanation: If an issue brief is not numbered, indicate [Issue Brief] in square brackets. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges and other legal . Explanation. (Jurisdictional abbreviations are found in Bluebook Table 1. Chat with us! Format: Title: Hearings before Committee Name, Congress, # Cong. . Moreover, depending on the facts in your particular case, DOJs consideration of agency guidance (that is not based on an existing regulation or statute) may make, or break the governments fraud case against a health care provider or supplier. The different abbreviations simply refer to the same laws published by different legal companies. Popular Services from U.S. Department of Justice For Supreme Court Opinions, this would be the U.S. Reports. The ALWD (Association of Legal Writing Directors) Guide to Legal Citation explains legal citation formats for all types of legal documents in a clear, pedagogically sound manner. What does that mean? Information Below is a list of State Supreme Court and Court of Appeals abbreviations. All rights reserved. 2022 by The University of Akron The University of Akron is an Equal Education and Employment Institution. The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities is designed to facilitate accurate citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal materials. These industries may include education, government, agriculture, or pharmaceuticals. Reference List. Citation rules for Tax Materials are found throughout the Bluebook - B5.1.5, Rule 12.9.1 and Table 1.2 (under Department of Treasury Regulations). Note: In citing the U.S. Code Annotated, it is not uncommon to have two separate years in the citation (example: 1821.2002). Nonconsecutively Paginated Periodicals - Abbreviations, Bluebook Quick Reference: Abbreviations and How-tos, New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Divsion, New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division. Any online source that shares characteristics with a print source should be cited according to the rule for the print version. Providing an English-language translation of foreign-language article titles is permitted, but not necessary. ZX[:m>?H@!(0v M5bl I&P46pvFi9=>03=-x/:-)!#[`#t~e`C YzwV,'C$4\3Kn~GhJjuugv1-PvvBy0!]'*eE6kRqQqVLmVE{Y3[IaL[Vzs{r_APL18~D@h2@yhH{URr/ aME%g^Rp>8~;5vhMFtRanPekdXE irg v k1%?&l G"&v3/@Lg{8%,kv=Y(A8S B"@H*xDlf!)gi`! B_fH^4H!?Y\'l Y/Br!C?5rp{HI?1UDm>T54!Y1&`- V. and the Federal Register, Report by Agency (no individual author(s) identified), Report with specific author(s), published jointly by two agencies, Issue Brief, Policy Brief, and Miscellaneous, Evaluation of Impacts to Underground Sources of Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs, A Reconciliation between the Consumer Price Index and the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index, Social Security reform: the Nature of the Problem. Alternative Meanings. (August, 2018). But many cases are reported in multiple reporters, and the Bluebook has requirements regarding which citation version you use depending on the court. Agency reports that are titled and disseminated separately take the same form as books by institutional authors. A full restatement citation has 4 elements: Title of the Restatement; Edition of Restatement; Section Number; Year (in parentheses). The Indigo Book is a free, Creative Commons-dedicated implementation of The Bluebooks Uniform System of Citation. 2dCopyright and Literary Property 87(2015). That procedure is also explained in the video. Ask Us! Basic guide to get you started in researching the federal government resources both online and in the library. Note: There can be more than one entry (issue discussed) on one page of a days Congressional Record. J. Dickinson Journal of Environmental Law & Policy Dick. ); congressional bills; legal cita-tions and courtwork; and covers and title pages. Department of the Treasury. In order to ensure that members of the bench, bar, and general public are able to interpret these abbreviations, a standardized list of docketing abbreviations was adopted by the Clerk's Office in September of 1998. The second year (2002) denotes the most current amendment to the cited section, first published in the 1821. However, Zotero's citations are frequently not Bluebook-perfect (especially for primary sources like cases and statutes), so you will have to fix them if you want them to be right. 25 (2015) (Testimony of Elizabeth Price Foley (testifying in her personal capacity), Professor, Florida International University College of Law). Author or Name of Group (If the group name has many layers, use the most specific agency as the author). All federal agencies, including those of the Department of Health and Human Services (such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS)) are required to identify and repeal existing guidance documents that are outdated, unnecessary, inconsistent with existing law, or otherwise improper. (in an amending acts subdivisions only; otherwise use and in all other contexts), Senate (when used as part of the name of a legislative document or proceeding), Serial/Series (in document subdivisions only), Subdivision (in document subdivisions only), Subsection (in document subdivisions only), Supplement (in document subdivisions only), Temporary (when used as a publishing term), Tentative (when used as a publishing term), Translat[ion, or] (when used as a publishing term), Unabridged (when used as a publishing term), Volume (in document subdivisions and in publishing terms only). L. J. Scandinavian Stud. 0 114-51, at page no (2015), In-text Citation: House Report No. (2015). Info. the name of the legislative body, abbreviated according to tables T6, T9, and T10* (The Bluebook, 2020) the number of the bill or resolution, the number of the legislative body, or if not numbered, the year of the body), and the number of designation of the legislative session. b'KjHFgOEjy/_wK>dB4bXat:fFpNI8 //C5DKlOtnC d#Nv{~ji-t)t3cY};WzO&QDOWsa=xCpnx> 4< sc_]o2 J$bB5dI;(62D;W7y2LR2VZK#t=ICz)+G8 g28 O.L.C . Page Number (Year), 141 Cong. All of these refer to Massachusetts General Law, chapter 93A, section 1. Blue pages first section of rules for practitioners, organized as: B1, B2, B3 etc. 2017) for stylistic matters not addressed by The Bluebook.For the rare situations in which neither of these works covers a particular stylistic matter, we refer to the Bluebook All Acronyms, . Att'ys Gen .) The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is used in place of the APA Manual . Abbreviating the court names is helpful for understanding and keeping legal writing concise. Procedure, Federal Rules of International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives. Jur. Americans capitalize most words in titles, and the Bluebook's capitalization rule, Rule 8, reflects this preference: Incorrect article title capitalization: Tip: It is often easier to identify the relevant elements of the citation by consulting a catalog entry (worldcat or your library's catalog) or by downloading the full report as a pdf and checking the cover pages. Take a look at the list below to find which common words in case names are abbreviated according to the Bluebook and how you should abbreviate them. (2018, August). Department (in all other instances) Dep't: Departments: Dep'ts: Department of State Bulletin: Dep't. St. Bull. (use or only if used in original source), Permanent (when used as a publishing term), Printing (when used as a publishing term), Publication (in document subdivisions only), Record (when used as part of the name of a legislative or judicial document or proceeding), Replacement (when used as a publishing term), Revis[ed, ion] (when used as a publishing term), Section[s] (in document subdivisions only), sec., secs. Sample report: A Reconciliation between the Consumer Price Index and the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index. Footnote #1: Messi v. Haaland, 100 F.4th 197 (9th Cir. When there is a nonparticipating justice in the Supreme Court, that justice's name is footnoted on the title page of the opinion. Unnecessary costs are charged to the party that caused them., https://guides.library.harvard.edu/law/bluebook, OSCOLA: Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities. Evaluation of Impacts to Underground Sources of Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs. DOI - Department of Interior. [2] The Sessions Memo was addressed to all components of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and noted the fact that in the past, some DOJ guidance documents had not gone through the rulemaking process but had still been issued and used to bind private parties. (2007). The Bluebook is compiled by the Harvard Law Review Association, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review and the Yale Law Journal. Exceptionto the general rule: do not capitalize the following: Exception to the exception: Capitalize any of those words if they are the first word of the title, the first word after a colon, or more than four letters. Take a look at these case name abbreviations to determine how you should abbreviate industry case names. In all 3 citations, the format to cite a Supreme Court opinion is: Volume NumberSource Publication Starting Page No. App.) Section numbers are denoted by symbol. Criminology. All references to print book page number in this guide are from the 21st edition. In this case, a published month was also identified, so it was included, according the template on p.329 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020). %PDF-1.5 % All federal agencies, including those of the Department of Health and Human Services (such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)) are required to identify and repeal existing guidance documents that are outdated, unnecessary, inconsistent with existing law, or otherwise improper. . If youd like to learn more about legal writing, check out an article that features a list of common legal abbreviations. & Elec. When you do a supra citation, you have to use the same font specifications as you did in the original citation. Introductory signals explain why andhow you are citing and using a source.They are listed below, and rule 1.2 explains their use. Intl Rev. For the most part, CMSs Proposed Rule does not touch upon the quasi-legal obligations that have been imposed on health care providers and suppliers in the form of National Coverage Determination rules (NCDs), Local Coverage Determination rules (LCDs), manual provisions (such as the Medicare Program Integrity Manual (PIM), Medicare Claims Processing Manual (MCPM), and Medicare Benefit Policy Manual (MBPM)), along with practically countless issuances of policy guidance memoranda and other documents. L. 93-247, 88 Stat. Att'y Gen .) It's a fact of life that footnote numbers change as we add and remove footnotes from our paper during the editing process. URL Example: United States Department of Children and Youth Services. Empowerment, Rajasthan, Justice. McCully, C.P., Moyer, B.C., & Stewart, K.J. As 1-19.000 reflects, the term guidance document does not include: In contrast to 1-19.000 (which covers the ISSUANCE of guidance documents by DOJ components), 1-20.000 of the Justice Manual focuses on the USE of guidance documents issued by other federal agencies in litigation. The twenty-first edition of The Bluebook has eliminated the separate table that previously prescribed how to abbreviate common words appearing in the name of a cited publication.That table, Table T13.2, was a single purpose reference, to be used solely when citing articles. Find out how to abbreviate building, institute, publication, and more with these important legal abbreviations. Almost a year after the Brand Memo was released, the DOJ has recently expanded upon these principles in its revised issuance of the Justice Manual.[6] This article reviews these new provisions and discusses how DOJs guidance may impact fraud cases brought against health care providers and suppliers. DESA - Department of Economic and Social Affairs. & Clinical L. The June Morrison-Tom Gitchoff Founders Award, Secretary-Treasurer@WesternCriminology.org, Abridge[d, ment] (when used as a publishing term), Affirmed on rehearing (when used in case history), American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers, Annotated (when used as a publishing term), Annotation (in document subdivisions only), Anonymous (when used as a publishing term), Appendices (in document subdivisions only), Attachment (in document subdivisions only), Bibliography (in document subdivisions only), Bill (when used as part of the name of a legislative document only), Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences, Chief Judge or Chief Justice (when used in a parenthetical reference only, such as when noting the author of an opinion), Comment[ary] (in document subdivisions only), Comil[ation, ed] (when used as a publishing term), Concurrent (when used as part of the name of a legislative document), Copyright (when used as a publishing term), Debate (when used as part of the name of a legislative document or proceeding), Delegate[s] (when used as part of the name of a legislative document or proceeding), Department (in document subdivisions only), Document (when used as part of the name of a legislative document or proceeding), Edit[tion, or, ors] (when used as a publishing term), House (when used as part of the name of a legislative document or proceeding), Hypothetical (in document subdivisions only), Illustration[s] (in document subdivisions only), Institute on Oil and Gas Law and Taxation, Institute on Planning, Zoning, and Eminent Domain, Institute on Private Investments and Investors Abroad, Introduction (in document subdivisions only), Joint (only when used as part of the name of a legislative document or proceeding), Judge[s] or Justice[s] (when used in a parenthetical reference only, such as when noting the author of an opinion), Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, Manuscript (when used as a publishing term), Number[s] (in document subdivisions only), Offprint (when used as a publishing term), Paragraph[s] (in document subdivisions only), para., paras. I.R.C. Internal Revenue Code [Rule 12.9.1] The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) is found in Title 26 of the United States Code. Since the author is also the publisher, it is not repeated after the title. Scrunched abbreviations include various letters from the word (typically the first few letters in the word). Bluebook Abbreviations of Law Review Titles Finding Guide for Federal Tax Materials In-the-Trenches Guide to Legal Abbreviations ( Law Library News Jan. 28, 2002) U.S. Government Manua l, Appendix A: Commonly Used Acronyms and Abbreviations. NEV. Fortunately, Microsoft Word has a feature that can help. Finally, many Bluebook rules require certain names, words, and phrases to be shortened. The Publication Manual of the APA does not include citing Congressional Record. However, such guidance documents must make it clear that the instructions set out in the guidance is not legally binding and may be beyond an entitys legal obligations under existing statutes and regulations. L.J. 2015) for citation form and the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed. Note: When citing a case in Lexis Nexis, which displays multiple citations for the same case, its generally advisable to use the first listed citation. "=;z$y+5[K\ \a'aC:"bCltD #}WadsU`QaA~lqgef-j1NQdIx(h7u{ >\=sMDwQM'Vy>gsBH*gjNbTCuaIU$. Government Document From a Website Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. Explanation: Supreme Court decisions are published in the United States Reports, abbreviated U.S. In the example above, 410 U.S. 113 refers to volume 410 of the United States Reports, page number 113. Light abbreviation includes the following abbreviations only: Additionally, the light abbreviation system allows for abbreviations for entities or acronyms that are well-known.

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