ins.style.width = '100%'; NASCAR has used spotters officially since the late 1980s. If you can't do that, then you don't need to be in that position. WebTo become a Skywarn spotter, you must attend one of these training sessions. And the spotters role is one of the most underappreciated jobs in the business, not to mention one of the most challenging. This site is subject to change at anytime. One of the most annoying problems with race radio communication is when you key up and talk at the same time. He thinks that the best spotter is one who is a good friend, a relative (Ryan Newman's spotter is his dad), a former crew chief or driver, or anyone with an extensive racing background. Also be aware that starts are not guaranteed, and be ready to relay that in the event of a possible waved off start. The spotter may be able to eye which tire it is so the crew can have the correct size and pressured tire for that corner ready. If the driver has contact with another car on track, they can radio the spotter to give a visual check as the car drives by. Even though some spotter drivers have a college degree, it's possible to become one with only a high school degree or GED. Penalties and warnings are other instructions the official may ask the spotter to relay. Some people will suggest that it is easier for one to start at a young age at about 4 years old. Imitation is the greatest form of flattery. In the case of Shawn and David Reutimann, being family is important to the chemistry of their driver/spotter relationship. Be on the alert for caution situations, not necessarily waiting for the caution to come out. This is a low profile site and is hard to find, so feel free to tell your friends about it. The most common jobs before becoming a spotter driver are driver, truck driver, and forklift operator. He graduated with a PG Diploma in Journalism from the Session Time: Were 9 minutes into the session. You need not have a racing resume or long list of experience. Even if it's just a basic understanding, that would work wonders for helping you advance up the ranks and perform at a higher level. In this kind of scenario, a specific team member is trained to relay information to the driver, with regard to other drivers whereabouts. Weather conditions in the spotters' high perches are usually to the extreme; unshaded from hot sun, unshielded from high winds (and wind chills), and unprotected from rain. var ffid = 1; Keep them safe, and help them get as many reps as possible to maximize muscle growth. No worries, we created a resume builder to make this process as easy as possible with tips and examples of skills, responsibilities, and a summary. The job of spotting is often considered difficult and undesirable, despite its simple outward appearance. When your driver is passing a slower car on the outside down the straightaway, he needs to know exactly when he is clear so he can either take the normal line into the corner or stay up. Although many drivers may have codes between them and the driver there are plenty of generic phrases used throughout the race, one that dont have any hidden meanings. Being a NASCAR driver needs really good skills, choose only professional driver schools as Education 4 Drivers is. Ricciardo would have cried if hed heard Earnhardts comments, The lasting NASCAR legacy after Dale Earnhardts death, The NASCAR legacy of Dale Earnhardt With most your attention trying to stay in a tight pack, you are often craning your neck to try and see the flag stand through a car or two sometimes it is impossible to see and you are stuck waiting to react to collective RPM rising, a distinct disadvantage. During this time, new spotter drivers learn the skills and techniques required for their specific job and employer. var cid = '5245269779'; - Lap times vs. leader. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; go to bottom of track, passing or avoiding an incident. Just in case the driver missed it: Its time to go nuclear for that pass, or maybe its time to just be cool and not let a trailing car catch either way, very important information to have. Some drivers need a lot of talk to help keep focused and others may be distracted by a lot of verbiage from the spotter. If a faster car is closing, let the driver know so he can be prepared. Afterwards, I realized that I knew nothing about this art and I got informed in a hurry in case that happened again. This is where the education comes in. There is a possibility that you may meet race drivers, members of the crew or any other officials there. When the lifter is leaning back on the bench, theyll need to bring the dumbbells to the top position. the index baron the left should give you access to the KEY and the NASCAR Spotter's Guides for the seasons that I have drawn. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. All in (including spotter) I pieced together a setup that works fantastic, for around $250. a number is said to let drivers know how far a car following or racing behind them is. He spotted for Jimmie in Indycar. It'll be a good idea to develop spotter driver skills before applying for a job. Kyle Busch made a bit of NASCAR history Sunday, winning the Pala Casino 400 at Fontana to become the record-holder for most consecutive seasons with at least I have been watching and listening in on teams' live race communications in all divisions including short track and NASCAR Cup races for as long as there have been radios. Unless Bowyers arm really was itchy of course! See answer (1) Copy. You must be at least 18 years old, be able to observe weather (though no instruments are required), and have access to a telephone or be an amateur radio operator SHUT UP: Or at least know when to: A very important part of the spotter job is knowing whether or not you are being helpful. He gave us a measure of validation for my own ideas as well as some insider tips. Spot for people in IRacing and spot for a Nascar driver. By the early to mid-1990s, NASCAR began to standardize the organization of the spotters, and eventually made them mandatory. I'm going to use it for fun in simracing. Once their bar path is slowing down, its time to get to work. He must also tell the crew what is happening with the car so they can be ready. If an obvious caution situation develops, tell the driver immediately so he does not get into it. A spotter can be anyone, really. Next, hold your hands in an over-under grip (one hand overhand, one hand underhand) near the bar. To become a NASCAR driver, it doesn't necessarily mean that one has to depend on his raw racing talent. If you plan on spotting, it is a good idea to still have your radio on so they driver can communicate in the event of an issue. Unlike exercises such as the deadlift, where if you cant complete a rep, you can just set the weight down, a barbell will get stuck on top of your chest if not finished. If possible, avoid talking to the driver during corners as well. Jake is an author and weightlifter from the San Diego area. Spotting is a crucial role for keeping other athletes safe and for helping them get the most out of their workouts. In this case, by all means, key the mic early and as soon as clear happens, say "clear." Most tracks now have purpose-built spotters stands. In the car we are already using our eyes, ears, and all of our brain processing power to create and maintain a constant 360 degree picture around our car. Specific terms vary between each driver and spotter pair. Who Is Jimmie Johnsons NASCAR and Indycar Spotter Earl Barban? Lets a driver know a faster car is behind and may be about to lap or try to overtake. WebYou need to spend a lot of time with a team prior to just spotting. The most common help drivers will need when waiting in grid is: Putting up window nets, starting cameras, adjusting mirrors, checking hood pins, and the occasional push start. You will be enrolled in the Skywarn program at the training class, and given specific information for reporting severe weather to the National Weather Service. Also the Cars There is an art to spotting for a racecar and to be good takes a lot of observation and knowledge of what the driver needs. The toughest part to those who want to become NASCAR drivers is proving to other people that they have ability to drive fast cars, are able to set land speed records and maneuver them around the oval racetracks. You need not have a racing resume or long list of experience. I saw when they got good information from the spotter and I saw when they did not. In all of the confusion of winning, the driver might get disoriented burning all of those donuts and lose track of where Victory Lane is located. Whether or not the driver has a data system visible to them, updates in their ear is a great way to keep pace, where they are, and where they need to be. Well the 2023 season is off with a bang and the 65th Running of the Great American Race is over and the teams are already packing up and Hendrick Motorsports: NASCAR Racing Teams. WebBecome a Spotter. A simple "inside" or "outside" will usually suffice unless the radio is not clear. ins.style.display = 'block'; Showing these abilities can help you to quickly rise through the ranks and can even catch the eyes of racing car companies' bigwigs. The point is to get out there and build your brand. If you have watched even part of a NASCAR race, then you have most likely heard of the team spotter. Checker is out, Checker is out. WebTo become a Skywarn spotter, you must attend one of these training sessions. Ever since i got in my pedal powered car 40 or so years ago I have been a lifelong fan of all motor racing, particular NASCAR and Indy, so this site is made to help share the answers to those questions that pop up mid race! You develop your communication style around what the driver needs and likes. The Daytona 500 has only 40 drivers, by the end of the season the number of drivers who have suited up is often double. Reach out to companies you're interested in working for directly. Good driver/spotter relationships often are a significant part of winning a championship. In a large race, I often lose focus of what actual position Im in. Yellows: Share any yellow information you can see. You need to get to know your drivers way of thinking. It is also paramount if you want to successfully communicate with your team. If overtaking gives the direction to over take and lets the driver know if its just one car. Once you have taken on the role of spotter, do a lot of practice before an actual race. When it comes to giving a good spot, its all about safety and efficiency. Words at the beginning of the transmission get cut off if you don't wait a second before talking. Can Aston Martin really give Alonso a quick car for F1 2023? If you have any friends in short track racing in a division with spotters, ask for a headset and listen to what they say. You will be issued a spotter number and given spotter information. With the advent of radios, we now see much cleaner racing with fewer missteps. A basic understanding of motorsports (flagging, understanding flow of track, etc) will help, but can be learned. Once those are in place and adjusted to the correct height, its time to begin the lift. Im probably enjoying this response more than I should, Tbf TJ is thinner and talks a lot less shit. When I was a teenager growing up in Daytona, I was at every race watching the cars and the moves drivers made. To help them safely get into the starting position, youll want to squat down behind them and place your hands around their elbows. This will also go a long way to get the licenses needed to compete. You will be enrolled in the Skywarn There are also many hidden pages relating to my NASCAR Quiz. Qualifying generally wont get a Full-Course yellow, but give the location and any info you can see of any local yellow. Other than that - YouTube or listening on race day. This is where a spotter comes in. Race Time: Were 14 minutes into the race. Here, you can also control additional spotter privacy settings. As the spotter, you want to stand behind the lifter. At first you'd be clearing your driver, then communicate developing situations and finally lines and strategies others cars are running. I have spotted for stock cars and road racing cars. They arent just some random guy up there. Lets the drier know where they are on the track if the cars are 3 wide. The driver needs the following from the spotter: - Help in lining up before a race. Draw on your past experience gained just from watching races. He has been in the gym for the past eight years, experimenting with weight training focused on aesthetics and strength. From there, firmly push on their elbows to bring them to the top. The driver is already working hard and on edge, so an excitable spotter translates to a more excitable driver. This may save a pit-stop to have the car looked over (A pit stop that effectively removes you from any chance of contention in a sprint race). Unlike the barbell bench, you cant get stuck at the bottom. When they reach their sticking point, firmly grasp the bar, and pull the bar up. In the past few years, I have spotted in the Grand Am 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race, doing 18 hours in 2006 and 16 hours this past January. For my races, that means Race Hero. Christian Eckes needed a spotter for the inaugural CARS Tour race at Southern National Motorsports Park and Kimmel was already working on the roof after setting up his video equipment for Dartfish recordings. Restarts: Likely THE largest advantage one can have with a radio: Keep the driver posted on pace truck and starter hold hot mic any lap you think it could go green truck lights are off pace truck is pulling in GREEN GREEN GREEN!. Full Spectrum Services LLP 2022 | All Rights Reserved. Jimmie Johnson to run Earnhardt/Petty throwback scheme, The rookies looking to make their mark on F1 in 2023, The rookies looking to make their mark on F1 in 2023 Reminders to the driver to stay loose such as the basic things like stretching out hands, staying hydrated for long races. A keen eye watching for the local stations to pull their flag can inform a driver of the now green conditions but a friend yelling GREEN GREEN GREEN in their ear makes it pretty obvious. Two-way communication between the driver and pit crew began in the 1970s and early 1980s, however, all communication was based in the pit area, and was primarily to discuss pit stop strategy and mechanical problems with the cars. The salary of a NASCAR spotter will vary depending on experience and which team they work for. var alS = 1021 % 1000; container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; - If there are slow cars ahead. - Moral support and encouragement. Interestingly, there are certain tracks that are too gigantic for one spotter to be able to pull off this job. I eventually found the Nerdie Racing kit: For $150 you get basically everything but the radio (wiring, adapters, mic, PTT, are included) and It was all significantly better quality all around vs the pieced together BTECH parts. Try to get in with a team Checker flag: Call checker when it appears. You will require all possible advantages for you to correctly represent your sponsor. I have been drawing these race cars using MS-Windows-Paint as my medium , I'm sure someone using photography could have aclearer picture , but to be honestI really enjoy drawing the cars. Spotters should be trying to gather as much outside info as possible. Such people are immense resources which can give you a different perspective on what is required to get started at the local track. A longer sentence may be understood more easily, like "you've got a car looking insidehe's inside your quarterhalf way insideat your door". Glickenhaus finalises WEC line-up as Sebring entry list revealed, Glickenhaus finalises WEC line-up as Sebring entry list revealed Keep your communication short and to the point. By the early 90s the use of designated spotters became first standard, then mandatory as their role in improving the overall safety of the sport became apparent. I offer some of my thoughts on the subject, keeping in mind I don't even begin to think I know it all, I just have some thoughts that might relate. You might hear, "did you see what that guy did?" Allow them to work out, and only begin to intervene when theyre showing signs of fatigue. They know more than your average team guy or fan. Its also how he built the foundation for becoming a full-time spotter. Real-time reports are critical in issuing warnings and saving lives. One lap remaining: Call for one lap when you see furled standing white at starter. To get all the way up to the Sprint Cup Series will need hard work. So while it may seem like a fun, easy job where you just stand around all day watching the race and say all clear over the radio now and then, the spotters role is actually quite hectic as he/she must relay a lot of information throughout the course of a 34-hour race. Some people dont want anything beyond the green flag calls. Some people will put in a good lap and pit-in early, others stay out the whole time. - Communication with the officials. Double Yellow (full course yellow FCY): The moment you see a flag station display the double yellow Full course yellow, call it in, as this Global command is across the entire track. slow down releases the throttle ( usually to get out of a potential wreck that has or may happen). Dooooor, bumperrrrr, clear! Thats all you need to know. Click here for NASCAR Canadian Tire Series. The first time youll become involved as the spotter is in the setup. Some drivers struggle to talk when cornering or in a battle etc. When it comes to car racing, the weight of the car driver together with the vehicle determines whether or not one can manage to make a left turn on the oval racetrack. Oh, the possibilities. Get a podcast. If you see tire smoke or a sudden push developing, let someone know. Select Anyone can be my spotter, and any iRacing member can spot for you. Don't expect any freebies to be provided though since you should always play a role in your ability of catching a break. Around that time, they helped in discussing pit stop strategy and potential mechanical problems. Lets driver know how many laps till end of race stage or pit. Lets the driver know where a following car is in relation to their car. How many times have you said to yourself, man that guy needed just a little help from the spotter and that wouldn't have happened? Theyre there to catch the bar in case of a total collapse in form. This creates long strung-out lines of cars. For info on how to build your own cheap radio setup, click here:How to build a Budget friendly race radio setup 3 Essential pieces to get going for WAY less than you think, Need to refresh your knowledge of the flags? Table 1: NASCAR Spotter Phrases and their Meaning. Often, mixed class racing will have more than one green flag drop with each wave (class or group of similarly-classed cars) getting their own. While spotters come from a variety of backgrounds, they all have racing in their blood thats the only way one can take on such a container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; For example, some teams choose to pit during an early caution in a longer race that requires a stop, so that when the rest of the field pits, they will be at the front for the final stint. Now despite being nearly identical exercises, benching with dumbbells changes up the game. Seeing the race live is a huge advantage to see if there is a greasy track, wet curbs, or any number of things. Breaks are infrequent, or non-existent. Pace Truck Location: During a FCY, Keep driver posted on the pace truck and pack location half a lap ahead of you, Youre two turns behind etc. Its free and may help both your spotters and you if its your first time utilizing them. In order to spot with proper form, it is first important to know when to stand back. Also, before the teams possessed weather radar in the pits, the spotters could relay information about approaching rain, for strategic purposes. If a car blows a motor, tell the driver to "stay high in 3 and 4, oil on the track," so he doesn't go flying in there and then slide into the wall. Its their job to help keep the weight moving. We've determined that 4.6% of spotter drivers have a bachelor's degree. Conflicts between drivers happened a lot of time because a driver cut off another car for a lack of knowledge about the spacing between them, not on purpose. Start: Hold hot mic as pack first appears on front straight, call GREEN GREEN GREEN as SOON as starter begins downward motion with green flag. Obviously many spotters have been in the sport for decades, but how does one start on the path to become a spotter? Before being awarded a competition license, you will be required to have a physical. Some drivers need lap time information to judge how they are doing against the leader. TJ Yard has been racing Spec E30 for a couple years, but has an entire lifes experience of being a motorsports fanatic. Let the driver know when the half way point has come, when there are ten to go or if it will be a green, white, checker at the end after a late caution. In order for a person to do a good job at spotting, they need to get educated about racing first. "Green next time by" or "one lap to go, be ready for the green" are ways to alert the driver to the start of the race. Well we can ask all of them but when Brett Griffin did an AMA ( ask me anything) on Reddit he said that both pocono and and Phoenix. Enable spotting in the settings panel under General Settings. When the track goes green you want to make sure you have not fallen off the pack, as that real estate is much harder to claw back under green flag conditions. Tell the driver if he is out of his appointed starting position or if he needs to move back to allow another car to get to their position. This is important because the closing rate may be too quick for the faster car to avoid a collision. This is the one flag I often miss. Select Only friends can be my spotter to restrict access to just your friends. Knowing how much time has passed helps the driver make the decision to put down a conservative time or pull out all the stops and run like hell until the checker flag. Can Aston Martin really give Alonso a quick car for F1 2023? Team owners have even been known to take a place atop the spotters stand when the situation demanded. "Clear low" and "clear inside" mean the same thing. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Work with the driver to define the terminology to be used. Talk to other veteran spotters and let them help you to get better. *Non spotter related note: If you are racing and notice a large number of cars oddly off-pace. - Notice for caution lights. WebWith a great deal of practice and determination, (I average 400-1000 photos per race day), I was introduced to Katy Lindamood, www.Skirtsandscuffs.coms founder and editor-in-chief. WebThe Daytona 500 guide shows the starting position for the race in a small green number on the door, after the race I add a small red number to show the cars finishing position It is If you are considerate, chances are he will return the favor. Having a spotter available on the radio makes it much easier for the driver to ask for help. Notice about slow cars on the track can help avoid trouble, especially when your car is involved in a race for position with another car. We talked to Shawn Reutimann, cousin and spotter for former short track and current Sprint Cup driver David Reutimann, to get some of his ideas. For an easily Printable Trackside-Guide, Print the image at the end of this post. Measure of validation for my own ideas as well as some insider tips settings under! Follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations to restrict access just!, let the driver to define the terminology to be provided though since you should always play role! To their car there, firmly grasp the bar up to work do expect! If the cars and road racing cars outward appearance just your friends that starts are guaranteed... Unless the radio makes it much easier for the faster car to avoid collision! Race, then you do n't need to get out there and your! Caution situations, not to mention one of the most challenging is slowing down, its to! A break order to spot with proper form, it does n't mean... The point is to get all the way up to the top started at end! Considered difficult and undesirable, despite its simple outward appearance position, youll want to successfully with. I was at every race watching the cars are 3 wide and clear! Will suggest that it is easier for the past eight years, experimenting weight... Spotters and let them help you to correctly represent your sponsor gave us measure. Is important because the closing rate may be distracted by a lot of time with a prior... Up before a race and only begin to intervene when theyre showing signs of fatigue =. Experience gained just from watching races to begin the lift yellow, but how does one start on path! Interested in working for directly information from the Session spotter to relay that in the gym for driver! Underappreciated jobs in the sport for decades, but give the location any! Container.Style.Maxheight = container.style.minHeight + 'px ' ; - if there are slow ahead. Be prepared once those are in place and adjusted to the top theyll need to get started at end... My NASCAR Quiz talk when cornering or in a large race, then you do n't any... Are not guaranteed, and help them get as many reps as possible to become a?! Critical in issuing warnings and saving lives understanding flow of track, )... Always play a role in your ability of catching a break to develop spotter skills. Top position before applying for a couple years, but how does one start on the radio is clear! Age at about 4 years old early and as soon as clear happens, ``. The situation demanded any local yellow lining up before a race good spot, its time begin... And on edge, so an excitable spotter translates to a more excitable driver end... They helped in discussing pit stop strategy and potential mechanical problems your ability of catching a break problems with radio! Communication is when you key up and talk at the beginning of the team spotter ' ; NASCAR used! Required for their specific job and employer racing behind them is happening with the advent of radios, we see. Radio is not clear. annoying problems with race radio communication is when see... That time, they helped in discussing pit stop strategy and potential mechanical problems motorsports fanatic the chemistry their... Vs. leader var cid = '5245269779 ' ; NASCAR has used spotters officially since the 1980s. Can be ready to relay that in the case of Shawn and David Reutimann, being family is important the... Idea to develop spotter driver skills before applying for a job I often focus... Translates to a more excitable driver and which team they work for radio is not clear. the... And potential mechanical problems may help both your spotters and let them help you correctly... Reach their sticking point, firmly push on their elbows early, others stay out the whole.! Get stuck at the bottom any freebies to be used there to catch the bar up the moves drivers.... Skills and techniques required for their specific job and employer get as many reps possible! Case that happened again should, Tbf TJ is thinner and talks a lot of verbiage from the spotter you... For stock cars and the moves drivers made relay that in the Skywarn there are certain that! At starter + 'px ' ; - if there are certain tracks that are too gigantic for one to. Communities and start taking part in conversations hold your hands around their elbows an excitable spotter translates to more! In lining up before a race faster car is closing, let the know. Put in a hurry in case that happened again they can be ready to relay Spectrum Services LLP |. Tire smoke or a sudden push developing, let the driver know faster... Good idea to develop spotter driver skills before applying for a job weight training focused on aesthetics strength... Been known to take a place atop the spotters stand when the lifter leaning. Immense resources which can give you a different perspective on what is required to have a racing resume or list. Can also control additional spotter privacy settings tell your friends following from the San Diego area out to you! Bar path is slowing down, its time to begin the lift the top degree or GED when... Cut off if you see tire smoke or a sudden push developing, let the driver needs really good,. Of time with a team Checker flag: Call Checker when it to! Standardize the organization of the spotters role is one of these training sessions place your hands in over-under... Profile site and is hard to find, so an excitable spotter translates to a more excitable driver are! With fewer missteps cid = '5245269779 ' ; NASCAR has used spotters officially since late. Help both your spotters and let them help you to get all the up... Truck driver, truck driver, truck driver, it does n't necessarily mean that one has to depend his... Do that, then you have watched even part of a total collapse in.! As well as some insider tips verbiage from the spotter is in the settings panel under settings. Quick car for F1 2023 see much cleaner racing with fewer missteps youll want to successfully communicate your... What that guy did? racing behind them is on your past experience gained just from watching races are in. Spotter translates to a more excitable driver IRacing and spot for you over take and lets the driver to for. Spotter drivers have a bachelor 's degree easier for one lap when see! Know where a following car is closing, let someone know other than that - YouTube or on. And the spotters, and only begin to intervene when theyre showing signs of fatigue to relay that in event... The Skywarn there are certain tracks that are too gigantic for one lap when you up! Situations and finally lines and strategies others cars are running he built the foundation becoming... Clear inside '' mean the same time good information from the San Diego area developing situations and finally and... Unlike the barbell bench, you cant get stuck at the same time - if there are slow cars.. To squat down behind them is makes it much easier for one spotter to provided! Determined that 4.6 % of spotter, you want to successfully communicate with your.! Want anything beyond the green flag calls in this case, by all means, key the early! Their Meaning has an entire lifes experience of being a NASCAR driver and... Container.Style.Minheight + 'px ' ; - lap times vs. leader to become one with only high... Faster car to avoid a collision to my NASCAR Quiz overtaking gives the direction to over take lets... These training sessions following car is behind and may help both your spotters and them... Need to be provided though since you should always play a role in your ability of catching a break get... Your team and road racing cars radar in the pits, the spotters role is one of training. Setup that works fantastic, for around $ 250 means, key the mic early and as soon as happens... Catching a break clearing your driver, and pull the bar, help... Also tell the driver is already working hard and on edge, so an excitable spotter translates to a excitable. Find, so an excitable spotter translates to a more excitable driver, choose only professional driver as. Ins.Style.Width = '100 % ' ; - lap times vs. leader necessarily mean that one has to depend on raw. Before talking role of spotter, and eventually made them mandatory gained just from watching races, before teams. `` inside '' mean the same time given spotter information clear. and `` clear inside '' the! The past eight years, but has an entire lifes experience of being NASCAR. Knew nothing about this art and I saw when they did not becoming. Get to know your drivers way of thinking for an easily Printable Trackside-Guide, Print the at... Outside info as possible problems with race radio communication is when you key up talk! Caution situation develops, tell the crew what is happening with the advent of radios we. Too quick for the caution to come out clear how to become a nascar spotter '' or outside! Account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations `` clear inside '' mean same... In this case, by all means, key the mic early and as soon as clear,... Find, so feel free to tell your friends about it organization the... Quick for the past eight years, experimenting with weight training focused on and! Spotter translates to a more excitable driver about it a total collapse in..

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