TWIO. Chelle is represented by colorful small beads. Too often, indigenous medicine is criticized as harmful traditions as if it was a threat to human health. Spirit Mediumship and society in Africa. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Indigenous people often believe that Western trained doctors are not equipped to address their concerns which are can include spiritual as well as physical concerns [2]. Federal Ministry of Health. The participants were told that they would be participating in a group discussion about their health and what they do to maintain their health and to respond to illness. Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. noted that such explanations of disease causation are widely found in non-western societies and have perhaps attracted most attention due to their radical departure from those prevailing in Modern Western Societies. . We consider people who travel at this wrong time bad, harmful, killers and thieves or people into something tricky. germ theory, in medicine, the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The other criterion was the interest shown by the health extension workers to collaborate in the study. This paper therefore is aimed at examining the causes and consequences of rapid erosion of cultural values in nigeria. The use of open-ended questions, as well as informal conversations with informants on topics they themselves raised, were among the ways pursued to mitigate these challenges. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). If we see someone leave home at the wrong time, we say he is going to bring affliction [Male, Study Community # 4]. 2005;83(1):7. More than half (n=53) reported that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic. These two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used interchangeably. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Health effects of social isolation, loneliness. Tehuledere Woreda Information and Communication Office; Annual Report Bulletin, Haiq, Ethiopia; 2014. Article Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. When we drink it, we contract worms, they twirl in the stomach and give our kids tik, tik [Stomach- ache, salivate and followed by vomiting,] [Male, Study Community # 5]. In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Kickbush I. Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room Air. Google Scholar. Epub 2022 Apr 6. . In 2014, communicable diseases including malaria, lung infections, diarrheal, intestinal parasites, eye infections, skin disease, and rheumatism were the major public health problems in the area [15]. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. 2022 Jun;46(6):1437-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05395-0. Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Personalistic Causes In total 20 individuals, with age range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth interviews including 11 men and 9 women. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. Given the large geographical area and the number of small communities in the region, a decision was made to study five communities in depth to make the best use of the time and resources available. FOIA Correspondence to In addition, all participants who participated in the focus groups and interviews gave informed consent either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) after they were provided information about the nature of the study, and assurances that specific comments would not be attributed to specific participants. 36 0 obj <> endobj First Statement of Germ Theory. The move towards a new public health police. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. We found that the causes of ill-health were constructed and negotiated within the socio-cultural context of the study communities. Theories of Disease January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. Epidemiology: man and disease. Epub 2021 Nov 26. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. Letter to the Editor: "Orthopaedic and trauma care in low-resource settings: the burden and its challenges". In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planningprevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. International Classification of Disease: Revision 9th Clinical Modification. 5th, Millennium edition U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2000. The sociobiology theory puts forth the idea that biology is the basis for . A Descriptive and Phenomenological Exploration of the Spiritual Needs of Chinese Children Hospitalized with Cancer. Cultural norms function to support the fluid operation of society, and cultural values guide people in making choices. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. Altern Ther Health Med. If we dont work well due to a bad rainy season and so on, we feel insecure and become unhealthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. Fracastoro proposed that contagious diseases are caused by transferable "seed-like entities," which we now call germs. Medical anthropology. Let alone drinking, even when we bath and wash our clothes we are under the suspicion that it will give us skin disease. GERM THEORY Germ theory: Microbes (germs) were found to be the cause for many known diseases. The connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this. Our analysis of the relationships of supernatural, natural and social elements to ill-health causation may provide useful input for the drafting and implementation of primary health care strategies at both local and global levels. We've updated our privacy policy. It is not publicly known how much CIA staff who have . You can read the details below. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones wellbeing status is not subject to change without the nature-spirit association. Theories of Africans is one of the most important contributions to francophone African literary studies in the past few years. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. Sections of original transcripts and key quotes considered to be illustrative of the emerging themes were translated into English to facilitate discussion with the full research team as needed, because one of the research team members, HB, was a non-Amharic speakerIndividual codes and themes were discussed at group meetings until consensus was reached on basic themes and subthemes across the focus groups and interviews. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. Participants ranged in age from approximately 35 to 79years, with a mean of 42years. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. A Historical Survey of Social and Economic Condition in Wallo 1872-1917, 8th International conference of Ethiopian Studies, A.A. 1984; p. 1. and Diagnosis Second, it offered a new biological specificity for the class of diseases that had been the most significant historically. Article PMC Promot Educ Suppl. The researchers pursued various strategies to assure the quality of the qualitative data. In addition, they shared beliefs about natural causes of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. Permission to conduct the participant observation in the communities was provided by the heads of the health facilities. I have never gone to modern health centers. Germ theory was first clearly stated by an Italian physician named Girolamo Fracastoro in the mid-1500s. Data were analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. Soc Sci Med. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. Alice Barrett is in hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and cannot feed herself. The site is secure. Philosophy. The womens focus group discussion was meant to allow women to freely and informally discuss their perceptions of illness causation, without any socio-cultural inhibitions, (for example religious prohibitions) which might have inhibited the women from speaking on specific topics if men had been included in the group. hbbd```b`` (0 (d9 lz`&&$ D&2$#dB@@lHDIe7sL@o30"? What are Demonic and divine Theory and Ecological theory of disease? Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. Epidemiological triad includes Environment, Agent & host. Anthropological approaches to the study of ethnomedicine. This theory indicates that although modern medicine and laboratory science have significantly impacted the decline of mortality, the process of disease causation is far more complex than the. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Kassaye KD, Amberbir A, Getachew B, Mussema Y. The number of participants in each focus group ranged from 8 to 12. Chronic Malnutrition begins before birth due to poor maternal health, it can also be as a result of poor breast feeding, infections and lack of availability of proper nutrients in a developing child. He died from Parkinson's disease in 2014, aged 85. . New York: Wiley; 1978. Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, other animals, and other living hosts. Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria Another theory was that the kapre possessed the husband, . In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. The discoveries of Pasteur and Koch confirmed the germ theory of disease. L. W. Feezer. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. Dr. Deborah Birx, who was the Trump White House's Covid coordinator for the first year of the pandemic, told CNN on Tuesday morning that reports that one of the Department of Energy's National . The finding that God/Allah is held responsible, at least indirectly, for causing most illness is a very common finding among third world countries, especially those in Africa [2]. 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