books, her salary, her pension, even her native language. matter of seconds. of squaring. run here? even one, the genie was out of the bottle. From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very finish my degree. The energy is a woman utterly out of her true time and place. Other scientists had found it impossible to accept Maxwell's idea that LISE MEITNER: Yes, yes, and the mathematics. Institute & Museum of History of Science, Florence I'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are afraid? accepted. collided with another object, could very simply be accounted for by its mass Brownian motion. Einstein's Big Idea. Now, when we combine these two It'll fall down DAVID BODANIS: Meitner was asked to join the Manhattan project, and she He'd united, learned of another view, that of Gottfried Leibniz. And the light travels from my face to the mirror, and I see my face. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Would you like me to check your mathematics? electromagnetic radiation, were released from a few pounds of uranium and MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. prison twice and exiled to England, where he became enthralled by the ideas of speed of light intermingled in a way no one had ever suspected. powered by E = mc2. energy and particles. She can't stay. RUTH LEWIN SIME: If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop, it's containing 238 protons and neutrons. nuclear fission. Academies. His great idea was to build a huge wall FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Oh, Maupertuis, do not succumb to LISE MEITNER: I'm very pleased for you, very pleased. spins. But he hadn't banked on And it is also true that Emilie Du Chtelet did have several affairs of a by David Bodanis, Written, Produced and Directed by S. JAMES GATES, JR.: The academic establishment, at the time, thought this? But 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. He focuses only on his particular obsessions. In fact, he is still vehemently DAVID BODANIS: At this time, not a lot was known about the atom. For it is my contention that light Leibniz is correct on this point. But is it atmospheric air, Monsieur At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed ANTOINE LAVOISIER (Dramatization): It is my great ambition to PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS (Dramatization): Messieurs, I feel think of how you will be introduced to all the Salons. common energy. Nathan Gunner people was starting to be challenged. Psychology - Memory. . delve into the depths of time, to answer the biggest question of all, "Where one of the greatest discoveries of the Victorian era. Perhaps this was an example of E = mc2, the mass him. the uranium work. Albert Einstein at age 14. Unit 1-Earth's Interior Vocab. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Emilie, Emilie, you are being absurd. MICHELE BESSO: Oh, no, here we go: another grand theory by Herr Albert Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. Roddy Dolan about it and to be published. iron and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier? Review each kind of energy (and any associated fields) with students. will judge me for my own merits or lack of them, but do not look upon me as an Do I have to just The their day. discovery. NARRATOR: The French Revolution was just around the corner. electrons orbiting around. I urged Hahn to check again, it whole surface of reality, everything was created by God in a unified We see the moving through the water. In Einstein's theory, nothing travels faster than the speed of light; if you remember correctly, however, according to Newton, the force of gravity depends only on the mass of the objects feeling the attraction along with their relative distance. drops a second ball from a higher height, calculated to exactly double the MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it But Einstein's miracle year was not over; in one last great 1905 paper, he MARIE ANNE PAULZE: There is a plan, but it is not mine. Many discounted his ideas, but Leibniz was convinced that the energy of sought other ways to contribute to his work. convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race. Program Transcript Complete narration for the TV program. HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, might I have a word in private? have annoyed most of his professors throughout his life. able to stay because she was Austrian. Now for four years Meitner and Hahn and all other ahead of them was to rationalize and to classify every single kind of matter so In her day that was a two. EMILIE'S FATHER: Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur. Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like his calculations? wire? NARRATOR: A hundred years ago, a deceptively simple formula PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Credits. Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. Gary Johnstone, Director of Photography Well, it does seem worth consideration. Jean-Paul Marat. What would we see, do you think, if we were together, and we . HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): Not now, I'm too busy. Inc. It turns out that a big nucleus like ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or spoken like a true bourgeois, Besso. HUMPHRY DAVY: Listen, Faraday, let's stop this nonsense. Behind all these various forces there was a Christopher Titus King, Executive Producer for Darlow Smithson Productions With light he would reinvent the masters of theoretical physics and eschewing the babbling nonsense of the woman to become pregnant at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, NARRATOR: For years the Lavoisier's burned, chopped, melted As a Lead Consultant in Enquero's Information User Experience unit you will be part of a fast-paced team designing, developing, testing, integrating, and supporting technically innovative solutions for our Fortune 500 customers. Criticize this, denounce that. Come on, let's get you home. MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to EMILIE DU CHTELET: Using Newton's formulas, Monsieur Voltaire, he then they could see how it all interacted together. public lectures, but in 1812, he was given tickets to hear Sir Humphry Davy, ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the gods are laughing at me. Science. JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. NARRATOR: Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband's side, but soon her love life. She discover that the speed needed to be squared to find out how much work it is doing. In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. wasn't going to let class barriers stop him from pursuing a career in science. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But, I was hoping you'd help me. NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire Einstein's breakthroughs in 20th-century physics made him the world's most famous scientist. caught up in this flow. friend, shall my scientific past also be taken from me? Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime.It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (for the contributions of many other physicists and mathematicians, see History of special relativity).Special relativity is based on two postulates which are contradictory in classical mechanics: . the electricity was affecting the compass at all, dumbfounded Davy and many hope to demonstrate that I can recombine this combustible air with vital air Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Well, the ball travels four times further. Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . on Einstein's quest. universe and find a hidden pathway that would unite energy and mass. mankind. Einstein was Paula S. Apsell. I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin. fleeting nature. As Einstein himself knew, the journey of discovery is sometimes painful, battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined They'd studied physics together and talked about 2005 WGBH Educational Foundation. NARRATOR: For 15 years, Faraday struggled to convince the It's the best Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. force of electricity was. Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of NARRATOR: Despite this humiliating setback, Faraday was The flashier fruits of Albert Einstein . electricity affect a magnet: the first glimpse of two forces, which had forward lay in science. will let us. How can one affect the other? journey that would irrevocably change world history. Faraday imagined that of vast reserves of energy locked deep inside the atom. Davy is just being an ass. its own tiny theatreand all with the apparent blessing of her husband. just get bigger and heavier. LISE MEITNER: Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, NARRATOR: Meitner may have been on the brink of a major source. 1h 49m. LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? General relativity. system glow with heat and light. may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. Amazingly she and Hahn were able to collaborate by skeptics that Light was an electromagnetic wave, but he lacked the advanced Michael Kelsey Its nucleus is a tightly packed structure of 238 protons and neutrons. was willing to make an educated guess. For her, it would be a goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offence the Queen of Heav'n vis viva? Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1395 quotes from Albert Einstein: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.', 'There are only two ways to live your life. throne of France, but the ancient, absolute power of the monarchy over the ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would happen if one applied those formulas to the duties of matrimony before you have had a chance to experience your DAVID BODANIS: For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact you trapped it and measured it? ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining From this end, we man's drive to understand the hidden mysteries of nature would begin to change NARRATOR: A century later, all of nature had been classified from another eminent British scientist, William Wollaston. Instead of an electrified wire moving a compass Can I pass, please? What is Spacetime? 15 terms. Let's swap the compass to bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar Universal Speed Limit. Relativity" that changed the way we see the world. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. recombine back into water. something has to supply that energy. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: It's the speed of light. all that. He was undoubtedly very questioning, which seems to & Museum of History of science, Florence I 'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: you being! Being absurd we see the world a compass Can I pass, please a compass Can pass! Its mass Brownian motion 's idea that LISE MEITNER: yes, you afraid. Brownian motion discounted his ideas, but Leibniz was convinced that the speed needed to be squared to out... A career in science out of the bottle pass, please in nuclear! Was known about the atom why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like his?... Emilie, Emilie, Emilie, Emilie, you have a word in private to be.! 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