Imperialism had positive and negative effects. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. "The Clash of Civilizations." The first positive impact European Imperialism had on the world is education. The lifeline to India had to be protected from the Russians; before 1917, from the Tsar and post-1917, from the Soviet Communists. All throughout history we can see this act being used to exploit neighboring areas to benefit their own empire, at the expense of other nations. He treated the Congolese as slaves to gather him resources to help make him more wealthy. Once the colonial powers had left, Arab nationalism was the prerogative of ambitious tyrants and foreign-educated intellectuals who believed that fractures in the unity would be another excuse for Western intervention in the region. Enemies and rivals were put together as one territory, while countries with friendly relationships were divided up. Former colonies, and countries retaining sovereignty, regrouped, gathered national together with a new sense of national unity, and joined the new global system of nation-state diplomacy. One by one, the countries of the Middle East became free of direct imperial control. Colonial powers often struggled with each other over the best potential features. Thanks to a concession signed 50 years earlier, by 1951, Iran's vast oil wealth was controlled by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which despite its name, was a British company. At the same time, other British diplomats were meeting with Britain's Arab allies and promising them the same territories, but they didn't keep this promise. By 1914, the Ottoman Sultans ruled a crumbling empire. Russia, Italy, Germany, the United States, and Japan were added as newcomers among the imperialistic states, and indirect, especially financial, control became a preferred form of imperialism. In Confessions of Faith, Cecil Rhodes, a British imperialist in Africa, wrote about how the British had begun colonization. In the modern era, the Middle East, broadly defined to include North Africa, was the seat of a major empire, that of the Ottoman Turks. But the borders drawn by Europeans reflected European priorities. The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. The negatives outway the positives. Their rivals were the Holy Roman Empire (later Austria-Hungary), the Russian Empire, and the Iranian state of the Safavids and their successors, which was sometimes called an empire despite its much smaller size because it was multilingual, multiethnic, and periodically expansive. This can drive a person to think that their country is the most powerful, and in essence drives that person mad with power and a hunger to conquer, which not ironically is exactly what many countries did. Many Americans and Europeans believe that there was many good reasons for imperialism. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. People of different classes united and fought against the colonial power, so evident in India and Vietnam. The Mandate Period saw the division of territories by the League of Nations (acting under the behest of the imperial powers) without any consideration given to the ethnic, religious and linguistic divisions between the people. But imperialism led to the rise of nationalism in these countries as a reaction against imperialism. Between the 15th century and the middle of the 18th, England, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain built empires in the Americas, India, and the East Indies. These people think this because they were the ones that benefited from it. The efforts put in by Europe to colonize weak countries resulted in improvement of education and sanitation in the colonized countries. arabisrael war (1948); Imperialism in Africa had negative and positive consequences on both the Europeans and Africans, these can be shown through human rights issues, new industry and advancements, and wealth and influence. But their efforts had two very different outcomes. young tunisians. When Egypt ran into money problems, the government sold off its shares to the British government. Soon thereafter, however, the Christian peoples of the Balkans, stimulated in part by the exposure of community members to European ideas as a consequence of educational or personal contacts outside Ottoman territories, did begin to see themselves as victims of Ottoman domination. For a lot of Americans, "conflict," "oil," and "Islam" might come to mind. Nasser and Mossadegh both nationalized important resources in their countries. With the support of local emirs, the British (and the West in general) tapped into this resource to boost their industrial economies and in return offered the emirs, protection from internal rebellion and financial aid. You had a little bit there. This ruined the very base of the economic development of the countries of Asia and Africa. They ruined the traditional handicrafts and cottage industry of the colonies and rendered many people jobless. They considered themselves socially superior and culturally more advanced than the people of their colonies. She is a writer, researcher, and teacher who has taught K-12 and undergraduates in the United States and in the Middle East and written for many different audiences. It was nothing but a political expediency. Some, like the Palestinians, didn't get a nation-state at all. Economic collapse, war, forced migration and famine carved new contours into the region we now know as the Middle East, and created new cultural identities. Nations are urged, proponents of this viewpoint say, to obtain bases, strategic materials, buffer states, natural frontiers, and control of communication lines for reasons of security or to prevent other states from obtaining them. Africa is home to countless resources including cocoa, diamonds, as well as metals such as iron and copper. Then Japan renewed its empire building with an attack in 1931 upon China. It also damaged the cultures and created disunity among the natives. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1967. Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire, it originated from the latin word imperium. For example, imperialism played a role in the rise of nationalism in East Asia. Per Rhodes the British were the superior race and it was their duty to help other countries become evolved, Large busy markets, snake charmers, carpet vendors, and veiled women all invoke ideas of West Africa, the Middle East, and West Asia, but all these ideas come from Oriental fantasies from the nineteenth century. Ottoman lands remained comparatively open to trade by foreigners (though not to land acquisition), and the Ottoman government rarely took action to protect its own merchants, as the Europeans commonly did. However, when greed takes over, it can lead to the destruction of many nations. For almost a century thereafter, relative calm in empire building reigned as the result of a strong reaction against imperialism. This was something that they could not accept and the formulation of the concept of pan-Arabian unity took place at this point in history. Europeans used military, political, and economic power to take over weaker countries. The idea that conflict is inherent to the Middle East might be rooted in the fact that the United States has fought a series of seemingly unending wars in the region for the last two decades. The native people of India and China resented imperialism because the British were taking away their land and their basic human rights. 111 St. Clair Avenue West Imperialism had an overall negative effect on the indigenous people of Asia and Africa. To this day, the Kurds are a stateless nation, with their territory spanning across 4 nation-states: Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran (see map, below). Berque, Jacques. Britain's Moment in the Middle East 19141971, new revised edition. These motives tend to believe its purpose is gaining additional wealth, power, and control. Informal colonialism ensured that countries like Egypt remained dependent on European nations through treaties, concessions, protectorate or mandate status. Leaders in decolonizing nations had to be strategic in order to survive. In their modern form, arguments about the causes and value of imperialism can be classified into four main groups. D. K. Fieldhouse's goal in this major comparative study of British and French imperialism in the Middle East is to consider the effects of the imposition of the mandate system on the . It eventually gave way to the imperialism of Greece. So, imperialised countries had a pause button pressed on their political growth. For 600 years, the Ottoman Empire dominated much of what we now call the Middle East. Imperialism impacted societies in countless negative ways. Examples from history include Greek imperialism under Alexander the Great and Italian imperialism under Benito Mussolini. What do you think explains these two different outcomes. Which country benefited the most from imperialism? Imperialism is a forced, The arrival of the Europeans with their customs and religion caused the natives to be wildly mystified and made them reconsider their own customs. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. This idea of empire as a unifying force was never again realized after the fall of Rome. It allowed the rapid spread of technologists and ideas. By the late 1870's countries were industrializing rapidly. The British played a huge role in imperialism. It also damaged the cultures and created disunity among the natives. European acquisition was motivated religiously, economically, and politically due to the industrial revolution in 1840 and imperialism. bonaparte, napolon; Their fear is that the granting of aid or the supply of skilled personnel for economic and technical development might be an imperialist guise. Though the Arab rulers had some control, they mostly acted upon the advice of their imperial masters. Imperialism began in the 1870s, European states established vast empires mainly in Africa, but also in Asia and the Middle East. Socially, the negative impression of imperialism evolved into loss of religion, population and dignity. The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 solidified the political boundaries that later became the countries of the Middle East. Last but not least, imperialism stripped countries off their natural resources and left nothing for the natives. They both challenged British economic imperialism. Impact Of Imperialism On The Middle East, Africa, And Asia, Imperialism is defined as a policy of extending a country 's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Another effect that artists mainly like Jean-Lon Grme often showed was an authentic glimpse of a location and its inhabitants. Imperialism impacted societies in countless negative ways. Negative Effects of Imperialism The act of Imperialism refers to process where one nation attempts to take control of other countries for either raw resources or strategical purposes. The first group contains economic arguments and often turn around the question of whether or not imperialism pays. This led to the natives rebelling which arguably led to World War 1 later on. Imperialism was nothing new in the world when European expansion began impacting the Middle East. Imperialism was a bad thing because people in charge would become too power hungry and try to gain more of everything disregarding the people who are suppose to be civilized. Each country had it's own motives for wanting to gain an empire and some of the reason were Economic, Political, Religious and Exploitation. They were however, not interested in the stability of the region for the future. Throughout the history of the world, imperialism has played a major role. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A treaty was signed by Menelik with the Italians noticed a difference in the language of Ethiopia and Italian, Many things contributed to the negative effects imperialism brought upon many countries. Even after Egypt gained independence in 1922, the Suez Canal Company continued to own and profit from the canal. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 19751979. Where does the term Middle East come from? The Islamist insurgency that erupted in Algeria in the 1990s was viewed as principally if not totally cultural in nature. We cover the concept of a stateless nation and provide other examples inthis chapter as part of a discussion on the national identities of the Middle East of today. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. It is important to recognize that nation-states of the Middle East do not accurately represent the cultural identities of all their inhabitants. The perception of the United States from some Middle Eastern countries is very negative for a variety of reasons. Last but not least, imperialism stripped countries off their natural resources and left nothing for the natives. Photo of a document that outlines the covert operation to remove Iranian Prime Minister Mossadeq from office and establish a pro-Western government. For instance Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Most nations seek to grow their own nation in power, while others seek to help others grow. Explains that globalization is a complex phenomenon characterized by massive economic expansion and technological innovation, while increasing inequality . Their influence shaped the cultural, political, and religious character of a vast region from Morocco to Iraq and from Egypt to Eastern Europe. It isnt too hard for one to make the assumption that the small, underdeveloped countries are not going to be able to assert control, therefore, because the developing countries are not WEIRD, they will be the ones taken over. Under international organizations, attempts have been made to satisfy by peaceful means the legitimate aspirations of nations and to contain their illegitimate ones. The communities living in many of these territories would not gain independence until after World War II. Great. Imperialism became a divisive force among the peoples of the world. 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