10 (1929), 1619. Also, soon after the meeting, Steinmetz gave a series of lectures about Einsteins theory of relativity for laymen to give people, a general knowledge and understanding of the new ideas on time and space.[28] Also, in February of 1922, Steinmetz wrote Vladimir Lenin, yep that Lenin, a letter offering his services to help out Russia with their electricity systems to which Lenin politely declined but sent a signed picture and publicized their letters. At birth Steinmetz was afflicted with a physical deformity, hunchback, and as a youth he showed an unusual capability in mathematics, physics, and classical literature. He was 58 years old. [21] Charles Steinmetz The Future of Automobiling Belongs to the Electric delivered Jan 28, 1914, found in Automobile Topics (Feb 7, 1914), 1091. He was a member of numerous scientific and educational organizations. WebCharles Proteus Steinmetz Alternating Current U.S. Patent No. At the same time, Steinmetzs work with Union college inspired him to promote the idea that an electrical engineering education should have a broad framework specifically in the classics (at this time almost all electrical engineering departments treated education as a trade where the students learned about EE only). In Zurich, Steinmetz became close friends with a Danish engineer named Oscar Asmussen, who had been sent by a rich American uncle to get a European education and they quickly became roommates. Charles Proteus Steinmetz, original name Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz, (born April 9, 1865, Breslau, Prussiadied Oct. 26, 1923, Schenectady, N.Y., U.S.), German-born American electrical engineer whose ideas on alternating current systems helped inaugurate the electrical era in the United States. Steinmetz is a major character in the novel Electric City by Elizabeth Rosner. Steinmetz Memorial Park consists of 2.07 acres in the GE Realty Plot at 1297 Wendell Ave. in Schenectady. A monument there is dedicated to GEs Electrical Wizard, located on the former site of his home. Steinmetz excitedly wrote to his father that the AC motor they were working on was a joint invention between him and the old man and should work better than Teslas for streetcars. [21] Steinmetz, Theoretical Elements of Electrical Engineering (London: McGraw Hill Publishing, 1909), 53. 3 No 21 (April 2, 1910), 175. It started in March of 1903, when Success magazine ran a big article about Steinmetz where they said, he is known and recognized by engineers everywhere as the man who probably knows more about the practical application of electricity than any other man in this country.[13] Soon the newspapers were full of articles about Steinmetz, which was pushed by GE and Union College. He developed theories for alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in By 1900, as GEs chief consulting engineer, he devoted himself to his research. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Steinmetz was never married, fearful that deformed children like himself would be born, but had "acquired" a family by adopting a young engineer, J.L. [44], Steinmetz was portrayed in 1959 by the actor Rod Steiger in the CBS television anthology series, The Joseph Cotten Show. In 1888, Steinmetz wrote a paper on the mathematical theories of how a transformer works. [11] Here is a small clip from Union College about this.[12]. Gradually, through his writing, lecturing, and teaching, his method of calculation with complex numbers was universally adopted in work with alternating currents. If you got a degree in electrical engineering at a college and enjoyed getting a well-rounded education you can thank Steinmetz. Charles Proteus Steinmetz, original name Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz, (born April 9, 1865, Breslau, Prussiadied Oct. 26, 1923, Schenectady, N.Y., U.S.), German-born American electrical engineer whose ideas on alternating current systems helped inaugurate the electrical era in the United States. Steinmetz was a lifelong agnostic. [citation needed], Faced with an expiring visa, he emigrated to the United States in 1889. 14 (1922), 26. Thus, Steinmetz reputation was assured at the age of 27. In 1893 he developed a simplified symbolic method of calculating alternating-current phenomena. The problem that Steinmetz faced was that electrical engineers were not taught enough mathematics to understand his new mathematical treatment of problems using complex numbers. Amsussen got a job with a refrigerator company and, after Steinmetz was rejected by an Edison company, in June, 1889, Steinmetz took his letter of introduction to meet with Rudolf Eickemeyer. In 1913, Steinmetz felt he was working on the answer: Electricity, my friend!Electricity will take the place of coal, and will do the work a thousand fold better. Then, on April 15, 1892, the financier J. P. Morgan orchestrated a coup by merging Edisons company with another, firing Edison, and dropping Edisons name from the Edison General Electric Company making it into plain General Electric or GE. Corrections? Unfortunately the Smithsonian Magazine does not state the year in which the incident happened. Now I am going to talk about a really famous photograph of Albert Einstein that was edited to make it look like it was a private meeting and why. This law deals with the power loss that occurs in all electrical devices when magnetic action is converted to unusable heat. In 1892 Steinmetz gave two papers before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers on his new law concerning hysteresis loss. By this time Steinmetz had worked his way up to being Eickemeyers right hand man and Eickemeyer threw his and Steinmetzs hat in the AC motor ring. WebCharles Proteus Steinmetz, original name Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz, (born April 9, 1865, Breslau, Prussiadied Oct. 26, 1923, Schenectady, N.Y., U.S.), German-born American electrical engineer whose ideas on alternating current systems helped inaugurate the electrical era in the United States. In fact, a spy for the Sprague company wrote that, Mr. When the engineers complied, the generator was fixed! He systematized the use of complex number phasor representation in electrical engineering education texts, whereby the lower-case letter "j" is used to designate the 90-degree rotation operator in AC system analysis. He at once began to indoctrinate the engineers with his method of calculating alternating-current circuits. This wasnt as much as an all-boys club as you might think as there were several women and many children that would visit regularly, including the Ernst and Eskil Bergs sister Julia, Millers sister Florence, a neighbor named Mrs. Krueger who was basically the den mother of this whole mad group and Steinmetzs half-sister Clara who would often stay for long periods until the craziness of the situation became too much, when she would escape to her own devices in New York.[6]. Other awards include the Certificate of Merit of Franklin Institute, 1908; the Elliott Cresson Medal, 1913; and the Cedergren Medal, 1914. Charles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz, April 9, 1865 October 26, 1923) was a German-American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College. [3] Charles Steinmetz to Eskil Berg (Jan 9, 1895) Steinmetz Digital Collection of Schenectady #473868 https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/119/rec/5. His work was immediately recognized as a classic by the few who understood it, and the constant he calculated for this loss has remained a part of electrical engineering vocabulary. In the Math club, he was called by the nickname Proteus for the Greek god who knew everything that would often come to Earth disguised as a deformed man. In 1910, GE created that department and made Steinmetz the head. He was on the verge of finishing his doctorate in 1888 when he came under investigation by the German police for activities on behalf of a socialist university group and articles he had written for a local socialist newspaper. In all, he patented some 200 electrical inventions. WebHis experiments led to the law of hysteresis, which deals with power loss in electrical machinery when magnetic action is converted to unusable heat; the constant he calculated (by age 27) has remained a part of electrical engineering vocabulary. Steinmetz fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. Steinmetz fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. This research led him directly to a study of alternating current, which could eliminate hysteresis loss in motors. Luckily, the people at Union college have collected and preserved many of his original documents, old car, and photographs, and the Ford museum has a lot of old devices and pictures and actually moved his vacation shack to his museum. Hayden favored the idea, but his future wife was wary of the unorthodox arrangement. He felt that America, has given me everything I wanted the only criticism which I can make is that I would far more enjoy my advantages if I knew that everybody else could enjoy the same. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Proteus-Steinmetz, Engineering and Technology History Wiki - Biography of Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Edison Tech Center - Engineering Hall of Fame - Biography of Charles P. Steinmetz, Lemelson-MIT Program - Biography of Charles Steinmetz, Charles P. Steinmetz - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Share This To Your Friends: Your email address will not be published. Before 1900, Steinmetz had applied for over 70 patents on transformers, induction motors, alternators, and rotary converters. Meanwhile, Steinmetz, who always liked to live communally, became particularly close to a shy young engineer named Joseph LeRoy Roy Hayden. In 1888 he wrote an outspoken editorial criticizing the government, however, and was forced to flee Germany to escape arrest. (I still want to read it though). He soon obtained a job with a small electrical firm owned by Rudolf Eickemeyer in Yonkers, N.Y. At about the same time, Steinmetz Americanized his first name to Charles and substituted Proteus, a university nickname, for his two middle names. [24] Kline Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist (Plunkett Lake Press, 2019) 1664. There are also a few books that cover his amazing story. In 1901, Steinmetz was elected president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, in 1902, he was awarded an honorary degree from Harvard in 1902. Steinmetz attended Johannes Gymnasium and astonished his teachers with his proficiency in mathematics and physics. [14] Kline Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist (Plunkett Lake Press, 2019) 1638. By 1879, Hughes noted that in experimenting with the microphone I had ample occasion to appreciate the exquisite sensitiveness of the telephone to minute induced currents, which inspired him to make a perfect induction balance [which] allows us to obtain direct comparative measures of the force or disturbances produced by the introduction of any metal or conductor.[18] Hughes results then inspired a Scottish engineer and professor named James Alfred Ewing to study magnetism in detail with the Hughes meter. The time is not far.[19] Not only that, but Steinmetz felt that we could reach a perfect society which was powered by electricity instead of by the oppression of the poor, as he explained in a radio address in 1922: with one taking care of the disproportion and supplies of energy, the other of materials. [28] Charles Steinmetz Four Lectures on Relativity and Space (McGraw-Hill, 1923), v. [29] Man-Made Lightning Under Control Schenectady Works, vol. By 1900, as GEs chief consulting engineer, he devoted himself to his research. Note that this guy is not Nikola Tesla but instead the engineer John Carson who I mention in my video about the history of FM radio (he is the one who said that FM wouldnt work to remove static and said, static, like the poor will always be with us)[26] Many years after the event GE claimed that Steinmetz and Einstein hung out for hours after this and talked about science, engineering and socialism. Ready to learn about one of the most quirky, delightful and I argue influential engineers of all time? Asmussen then was told to come back to America and all his funds were cut. Steinmetz learned that the town had quadrupled in size but the schools had not increased enough in size and there were over 3,000 students who were unable to get an education. [20], Steinmetz wrote 13 books and 60 articles, not exclusively about engineering. WebCharles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz, April 9, 1865 October 26, 1923) was a German-born American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College. Only four feet tall in real life, his middle name Proteus, was named after the Greek god who could take on What probably happened is that in April, 1890 Westinghouse found that Teslas AC motor could not start from a standstill with a heavy load which would make it useless for a trolley motor, which left an opening for someone else. His second contribution was a practical method for making calculations concerning alternating current circuits. [15], Steinmetz liked America very much and wrote his father, I am very satisfied to have left the narrow living conditions of Germany and to have come here where a reasonable man can live reasonably and succeed.[16] Although Steinmetz still dreamed of being a mathematician, he recalled, Gradually, I drifted out of pure mathematics, to my very great regret; but engineering now occupied all my time.[17], It was at around this time that Steinmetz read about something called magnetic hysteresis, or magnetic lag, which explained why AC transformers appeared to violate Ohms law. GE in particular was happy to have a flamboyant face to humanize their company especially as it was awkward to promote Edison as he had been fired just 10 years earlier. Steinmetz Memorial Park consists of 2.07 acres in the GE Realty Plot at 1297 Wendell Ave. in Schenectady. 4 (Jan, 1888) 132. At General Electric, Steinmetz gained an expanded opportunity for research and implementation of his ideas. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/charles-proteus-steinmetz-the-wizard-of-schenectady-51912022/, How the Inquisition led to the Vacuum Pump, The True Father of Electricity: Stephen Gray, Georg Matthias Bose: Crazy Experiments of the Enlightenment, History of the Telegraph: How Samuel Morse Stole It & Became Famous. As I said before, GE was delighted and decided to use this meeting to promote the company and worked overtime to promote the Steinmetz-Edison connection and the story of Steinmetz, which is why they photoshopped that picture of Einstein and Steinmetz so it looked like it was just the two of them. Steinmetz soon moved into a rented house with his assistant, Ernst Berg where they were often joined by Ernsts brother Eskil visiting from Sweden. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Steinmetz Memorial Park consists of 2.07 acres in the GE Realty Plot at 1297 Wendell Ave. in Schenectady. He was assigned to the new calculating department, the first job of which was to work on the companys proposal for building the generators at the new Niagara Falls power station. [6] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography, 111. [17] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography, 141-2. disadvantages of portal frame construction; missing or invalid field in promoted objects; [15], Shortly after arriving in the United States, Steinmetz went to work for Rudolf Eickemeyer in Yonkers, New York, and published in the field of magnetic hysteresis, earning worldwide professional recognition. Things were going swimmingly until April of 1889, when Asmussen wrote his uncle that he wanted to marry a Swiss lady. From then on GE used Edisons image as their logo and spokesman and used Steinmetzs image and story as their way to talk about AC without involving the people who were unrelated to GE like Micheal Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Westinghouse, Stanley or Tesla. But it was more accurate than the rules of thumb engineers had used to design electrical machinery before Steinmetzs work.[23] We still use Steinmetzs laws to this very day. WebSteinmetz did not disappoint his faithful following or GE. [46], At the time of his death, Steinmetz held over 200 patents:[3]. WebAn electronics genius, Charles Proteus Steinmetz founded the General Electriclaboratory and refined and standardized the study and notation of alternating current circuitry. A Steinmetz solid is the solid body generated by the intersection of two or three cylinders of equal radius at right angles. However, they couldnt really get any of their prototypes off the ground, Steinmetz said that they made a few jumps but nothing they produced, could be dignified with the term flight.[5] Amusingly, Steinmetz managed to make it look like they flew with trick photography. However, these early cars were very difficult to operate especially for Steinmetz with his physical limitations, so he started to tinker with it and by March, 1920 declared that he had made a better system and actually formed his own company, the Steinmetz Electric Motor Car Company.[23] Some Steinmetz trucks were produced in 1922 and had very good press.[24]. One night, Asmussen told Steinmetz to not worry about the money, I have enough to take us both over if we travel cheaply,[9] and Steinmetz agreed, and they spent the night celebratory drinking their impromptu decision. He possessed a marvelous insight into all scientific phenomena and an unequaled ability to explain the most difficult and abstruse problems by systematic mathematical methods. It has been destruction.[18] But how to fix that without rejecting technologic advances? Steinmetz then put that portrait on the wall and insisted that every and all visitors had to admire it! His science and engineering contributions were immense: his theory of hysteresis, creating phasors, popularizing 3-phase in the US, high voltage AC studies, and creating the first artificial lightning with power and more. [3] A genius in both mathematics and electronics, he did work that earned him the nicknames "Forger of Thunderbolts"[4] and "The Wizard of Schenectady". Still, Steinmetz continued to have a steady stream of visitors both engineers and local families. [5] Tom D. Crouch A Dream of Wings (W. W. Norton, 2002), 172. V, No. What It Is and What It Has Accomplished. Journal of Chemical Education. Ready to learn about a titan of the electronics field? [30] Through 2017 seventy-three gatherings have taken place, held almost exclusively at Union College, featuring notable figures such as Nobel laureate experimental physicist Robert A. Millikan, helicopter inventor Igor Sikorsky, nuclear submarine pioneer Admiral Hyman G. Rickover (1963), Nobel-winning semiconductor inventor William Shockley, and Internet "founding father" Leonard Kleinrock.[31]. He developed theories for alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States. The president of Harvard declared, in an American-centered way, that Steinmetz was, the foremost expert in applied electricity of this country, and therefore the world.[10] The following year, a liberal college in Schenectady called Union College gave Steinmetz an honorary doctorate and hired him as a professor of electrical engineering. Doctor Steinmetz served the Institute as vice-president (1896-98), manager (1892-95; 1898-1901) and as committeeman at various times; he also contributed papers frequently to Institute meetings and publications, his first, in 1892, "On the Law of Hysteresis," marking a new epoch in electrical science. Luckily, Amsussen assured them that Steinmetz was a genius whose presence would someday benefit all of America,[10] and, after pretending that his personal wealth was actually shared by the two men (and possibly a bribe), the customs officials reluctantly agreed to let him enter the U.S. At this time Steinmetz changed his name from Carl to Charles and his middle names to his college nickname of Proteus. Steinmetz earned wide recognition among the scientific community and numerous awards and honors both during his life and posthumously. He developed theories for alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States. Steinmetz's first important research was on hysteresis, by which power is lost because of magnetic resistance. By this time, Steinmetzs reputation was exploding, at least with engineers. [citation needed], Following the Gymnasium, Steinmetz went on to the University of Breslau to begin work on his undergraduate degree in 1883. His talk in January, 1892 was a huge hit. On top of that John let me see and even hold original books from Gilbert, Guericke, Franklin, Galvani, Volta, Faraday, Maxwell, Hertz and more. Steinmetz immediately offered his services and was nominated to be on the board of Education which elected him president. For in Schenectady, Steinmetz used his influence to create the first industrial cooperative research institute ever, the first consulting department ever, the first electrical engineering department that was part of a liberal college in the United States (and was influential towards promoting a rounded EE departments in colleges everywhere), and was so influential towards the survival of GE that he was allowed to do whatever he wanted. This was his last major project at the General Electric Company, where he had become head of the engineering consulting department. [18] D. Hughes, On an Induction-Currents Balance, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 29 (May 1879), 56. Intrigued, I looked into him and I was hooked. [27] Siegfried Grundmann The Einstein Dossiers (Physica-Verlag, 2006), 125. WebCharles Proteus Steinmetz (April 9, 1865, - October 26, 1923) was born in Breslau, Prussia (part of Germany at the time) (now known as Wroclaw, Poland). Some googling around also did not reveal the date. [21] These laws finally explained why so many had experimentally discovered that lower frequency had less loss in transmission. In his later years Steinmetz also engaged in public affairs to a considerable degree, serving as president of the Board of Education of Schenectady, N.Y., and as president of the city council. Steinmetz method of calculation was presented to an uncomprehending audience at the International Electrical Congress in 1893. Web1901 -1902. In all, he patented some 200 electrical inventions. Since he deals exclusively with empirical science and its applications, the engineer forgets, or never realizes, that there are other branches of human thought equally important as factors of a broad education and intellectual development.[15] Soon most electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a practice that continues to this day. The Steinmetz car is permanent displayed in the first-floor corridor between the Wold Center and F.W. Within two years, Steinmetz had built three new schools and enlarged 2 more and built numerous playgrounds, set up a system of school meals, and set up systems of school doctors and created an epidemic plan (which was good timing as the pandemic of 1918 was just about to arrive). Soon there was a boom of companies vying to replace horse driven buses with electric ones. A public park in north Schenectady, New York was named for him in 1931. You can see how they did this in this clip from a 1976 GE promotional film. I will link my favorite two below. On their first meeting, Steinmetz and Eickemeyer hit it off and spent hours discussing electricity and soon Steinmetz got a job as a drafter for $12 a month. Steinmetz third major scientific achievement was in the study and theory of electrical transientsthat is, changes in electrical circuits of very short duration. [2] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography, 37. He loved children and was loved by them. Steinmetz was president of the AIEE from 1900-01. WebCharles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz, April 9, 1865 October 26, 1923) was a German-born American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College. WebAn electronics genius, Charles Proteus Steinmetz founded the General Electriclaboratory and refined and standardized the study and notation of alternating current circuitry. U.S. Patent No. chocolate island 4 secret exit; mayo clinic csf leak specialist. In 1892, the firm merged with the General Electric Company and he was sent to Lynn, Mass. [7] GE research laboratory was the source of many important discoveries over the years and was an inspiration for other research labs, like Bell labs that was created in 1925.[8]. [12] Joseph Laub (director) Phasors Steinmetz and Union (2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ddmM3EAzwY. 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